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美國中小學(xué)新學(xué)年開學(xué)在即，然而，全美不少學(xué)校正在因為“教師荒”而發(fā)愁。

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“美國的教師短缺已經(jīng)達(dá)到危機(jī)水平。”美國《華盛頓郵報》報道稱，為了確保學(xué)生們返校后有人教他們，各地的學(xué)校絞盡腦汁。

The teacher shortage in America has hit crisis levels — and school officials everywhere are scrambling to ensure that, as students return to classrooms, someone will be there to educate them.

《華盛頓郵報》：“從未見過如此糟糕的情況”：美國面臨災(zāi)難性的教師短缺

 
據(jù)美國廣播公司，美國全國教育協(xié)會（NEA）會長麗貝卡·普林格爾在采訪中表示，據(jù)統(tǒng)計，預(yù)計在2022年至2023年的學(xué)期當(dāng)中，全美面臨近30萬名教師以及學(xué)校職工的短缺。



“We are estimating about 300,000 shortages of teachers and support staff across this nation as students go back to school.” Rebecca Pringle, the president of the National Education Association told ABC News on August 11.

據(jù)內(nèi)華達(dá)州教育協(xié)會估計，截至8月初，該州17個學(xué)區(qū)約有3000個教師職位空缺。另據(jù)一份今年1月的報告顯示，在伊利諾斯州，全州88%的學(xué)區(qū)存在教師短缺問題——2040個教師崗位不是空著，就是被“非專業(yè)人員”填補(bǔ)了。在休斯頓地區(qū)，最大的五個學(xué)區(qū)都報告說，尚有200到1000個教學(xué)崗位空缺。

The Nevada State Education Association estimated that roughly 3,000 teaching jobs remained unfilled across the state’s 17 school districts as of early August. In a January report, the Illinois Association of Regional School Superintendents found that 88 percent of school districts statewide were having “problems with teacher shortages” — while 2,040 teacher openings were either empty or filled with a “less than qualified” hire. And in the Houston area, the largest five school districts are all reporting that between 200 and 1,000 teaching positions remain open.

《華盛頓郵報》報道稱，由于缺少教職工，在美國德克薩斯州的農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)，新學(xué)期將改為每周只上四天課；佛羅里達(dá)州則讓沒有教學(xué)背景的退伍軍人站上講臺“頂崗”；亞利桑那州則允許大學(xué)生從事教學(xué)工作。

Rural school districts in Texas are switching to four-day weeks this fall due to lack of staff. Florida is asking veterans with no teaching background to enter classrooms. Arizona is allowing college students to step in and instruct children.

為何美國出現(xiàn)“教師荒”？

“美國的政治局勢加上新冠疫情的后果，造成了這種短缺。”美國教師聯(lián)合會主席蘭迪·溫加滕告訴《華盛頓郵報》，“這是人為因素導(dǎo)致的。”

“The political situation in the United States, combined with legitimate aftereffects of covid, has created this shortage,” said Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers. “This shortage is contrived.”

美國全國教育協(xié)會今年年初的民調(diào)顯示，教師成疫情期間美國最不受求職者歡迎的職業(yè)，原因包括90%教育工作者感到極度勞累（felling burned out），以及疫情帶來的額外壓力（general stress from the coronavirus pandemic）、工資太低（pay is too low）、缺乏家長和社會的尊重（lack of respect from parents/the public）等。

美國全國教育協(xié)會民調(diào)圖表，深色百分比代表美國教師認(rèn)為“非常嚴(yán)重”的問題，淺色為“較為嚴(yán)重”的問題。圖源：美國全國教育協(xié)會官網(wǎng)

費(fèi)爾法克斯教育協(xié)會主席萊斯利·休斯頓告訴《華盛頓郵報》，在她的職業(yè)生涯中，從來沒有見過這么多教師因為感到不受尊重而辭職，主要是受到政客和一些家長的不尊重。

Leslie Houston, president of the Fairfax Education Association, said she has never in her career seen so many teachers leaving the job because they feel disrespected, primarily by politicians and some parents.

為了解決教師短缺，不少美國學(xué)校想出的解決方案五花八門，包括提高教師工資、增加合格教師人數(shù)、擴(kuò)大班級人數(shù)規(guī)模等。

但是內(nèi)華達(dá)州教育協(xié)會主席道恩·埃切瓦里(Dawn Etcheverry)認(rèn)為，這些臨時解決辦法中，很多都可能對學(xué)生造成不良影響。“班級人數(shù)擴(kuò)大一倍可能會讓老師們沒有辦法一對一關(guān)注學(xué)生，無法理解學(xué)生的需求。”

The stopgap solutions for lack of staff run the gamut, from offering teachers better pay to increasing the pool of people who qualify as educators to bumping up class sizes. But many of these temporary fixes are likely to harm students by diminishing their ability to learn, predicted Dawn Etcheverry, president of the Nevada State Education Association.

“When you start to double classes, teachers don’t have that one-on-one with the students, that personal ability to understand what the student needs” — both academically and socially, Etcheverry said.

綜合來源：央視財經(jīng)，華盛頓郵報，美國廣播公司，美國全國教育協(xié)會官網(wǎng)