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既3D打印肉推出后（戳這里回顧），3D打印甜品也來了。
 

據(jù)《今日美國(guó)》、《衛(wèi)報(bào)》等外媒3月21日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)明了一種3D打印機(jī)，可以制作蛋糕。↓

（視頻戳這里）
 

《衛(wèi)報(bào)》：“打印你的蛋糕并享用吧：3D烹飪革命即將到來”

 

Researchers at Columbia University in New York have created a 3D printer that makes cheesecake.

迄今為止，大多數(shù)3D打印食品都是使用未烹飪的原料制作的。但21日發(fā)表在《npj·食品科學(xué)》雜志上的一篇研究中，研究人員描述了他們的3D打印機(jī)是如何使用全麥餅干（graham cracker）、花生醬（peanut butter）、Nutella牌榛子巧克力醬、香蕉泥（banana puree）、草莓醬（strawberry jam）、櫻桃糖漿（cherry drizzle）和糖霜（frosting）這七種原料制作出芝士蛋糕的。
 

 

Until now, most 3D-printed foods have been made with uncooked ingredients, the researchers say. But in research published Tuesday in the journal npj Science of Food, the engineers describe how their 3D printer made a cheesecake from seven ingredients: graham cracker, peanut butter, Nutella, banana puree, strawberry jam, cherry drizzle, and frosting.

該研究使用了一臺(tái)改裝后的3D打印機(jī)，打印頭可以選取七種不同的可食用食物“墨水”來添加到蛋糕上。該研究的首席作者、哥倫比亞大學(xué)創(chuàng)意機(jī)器實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究員喬納森·布魯廷格（Jonathan Blutinger）介紹說。此外，藍(lán)光激光器被用來使芝士蛋糕表面的全麥餅干漿變得金黃酥脆。

 

A retrofitted, off-the-shelf 3D-printer was used; the printing head could pick up any of the seven food "inks" to add to the slice.

A blue laser was used to brown and crust the top surface of the graham cracker paste, Jonathan Blutinger, the lead author of the study and an engineer at Columbia’s Creative Machines Lab in New York, told USA TODAY.

布魯廷格表示，最終的蛋糕成品“嘗起來香甜可口”。

The final result, "tasted pretty sweet – in more ways than one," Bluntinger said.
 

 

不過，其實(shí)這款“芝士蛋糕”里，并沒有芝士。

布魯廷格說：“我們選擇打印這塊芝士蛋糕，因?yàn)樗钦麄€(gè)蛋糕的一部分，是一種可分享的甜點(diǎn)，人們對(duì)它有積極的聯(lián)想，而且它通常是一種多層結(jié)構(gòu)。盡管如此，我們沒有在任何一個(gè)食材中加入 ‘芝士’，所以也許我們應(yīng)該給它重新命名。”
 

"We chose to print a slice of cheesecake because it's a part of a larger cake, it's a shareable dessert, people have positive associations with it, and it's generally a layered structure," he said. "That being said, we didn't include 'cheese' in any one of the ingredients, so perhaps we should have renamed it."

布魯廷格表示，3D打印除了制作甜品，還能做其他食品。

“這款蛋糕是我們目前能展示的最好的東西，但3D打印還能做得更多，”布魯廷格表示，“我們可以打印雞肉、牛肉、蔬菜和奶酪。任何可以變成糊狀、液體或粉末的東西。”

“The cheesecake is the best thing we can showcase right now, but the printer can do a whole lot more,” said Blutinger. “We can print chicken, beef, vegetables and cheese. Anything that can be turned into a paste, liquid or powder.”

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為，3D打印可以制作更加可定制化的食品，改善食品安全，也可以更輕松的控制食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。
 

布魯廷格表示，“新冠疫情后，人們?cè)絹碓街匾暿称钒踩?，用更少的人類操作進(jìn)行食物準(zhǔn)備，可以降低食源性疾病等傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”
 

3D-printed food could make foods more customizable – and possibly more nutritious. “With more emphasis on food safety following the COVID-19 pandemic, food prepared with less human handling could lower the risk of foodborne illness and disease transmission," Bluntinger said in a press release describing the research.

美國(guó)佩斯大學(xué)營(yíng)養(yǎng)與飲食學(xué)教授克里斯汀·庫(kù)珀（Christen Cooper）則認(rèn)為，“加工食品的低營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值是我們面臨的一個(gè)巨大問題。3D食品打印仍會(huì)生產(chǎn)加工食品，但對(duì)于一些人來說，能更好地控制和調(diào)整營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分——即個(gè)性化營(yíng)養(yǎng)。同時(shí)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以模仿真實(shí)食物的形狀，因此，可以將糊狀食物制作成對(duì)吞咽障礙患者來說更具吸引力的食品。僅在美國(guó)就有數(shù)百萬這樣的患者。”
 

Is 3D food printing healthy? “We have an enormous problem with the low-nutrient value of processed foods,” Cooper said. “3D food printing will still turn out processed foods, but perhaps the silver lining will be, for some people, better control and tailoring of nutrition--personalized nutrition. It may also be useful in making food more appealing to those with swallowing disorders by mimicking the shapes of real foods with the pureed texture foods that these patients--millions in the U.S. alone--require.”

此外，無論是從食品制造商、餐廳還是家庭使用的角度來看，3D打印機(jī)都可能是實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的下一步，在制備過程中減少更多人力。
 

On every scale, from food manufacturers to restaurants and homes, 3D printers might be the next step in automation, removing more people from the preparation process.

“我們的愿景是把食品打印機(jī)和激光烹飪技術(shù)融合在一起，成為一種可以一站式滿足你所有廚房需求的電器。它就像你的私人數(shù)字廚師。” 布魯廷格說。

“The vision is to have a food printer mixed with a laser cooker that can be a one-stop-shop sort of kitchen appliance. It’s your own personal digital chef.”

他還預(yù)計(jì)，餐廳將在未來幾年內(nèi)開始使用食品打印機(jī)，“用于制作數(shù)字美食以及為菜肴添加特別的食材附加品，以提高菜肴的檔次或使菜肴更具美感。”

He expects restaurants will begin using food printers in the next few years, "for digital gastronomy and one-off food add-ons to class-up a dish or make something aesthetically appetizing."
 

不過，你買的第一臺(tái)3D食品打印機(jī)可能比空氣炸鍋更貴。

布魯廷格說，第一批3D食品打印機(jī)產(chǎn)品可能在未來五年左右推出，其價(jià)格可能會(huì)低于1,000美元。
 

You'll likely pay more for your first 3D food printer than you did for your air fryer.
 

When the first ones arrive, perhaps in five years or so, they will likely come in at less than $1,000, Bluntinger said.
 

綜合來源：衛(wèi)報(bào)，今日美國(guó)，Columbia Engineering，npj Science of Food