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據(jù)路透社報道，當(dāng)?shù)貢r間3月28日，一個巨大的肉丸在荷蘭國家科學(xué)博物館亮相，它是用滅絕已久的猛犸象（mammoth）DNA經(jīng)細(xì)胞培育而成的肉制成的。↓

（視頻戳這里）
 

A giant meatball made from flesh cultivated using the DNA of an extinct woolly mammoth was unveiled on Tuesday at Nemo, a science museum in the Netherlands.

 

報道稱，這款肉丸由澳大利亞一家人造肉公司Vow開發(fā)。該公司表示，“這不是愚人節(jié)玩笑”，他們希望通過此舉引發(fā)人們對人造肉的關(guān)注，并稱人造肉是真正肉類的更可持續(xù)替代品。

The meatball was created by Australian cultured meat company Vow which - promising this was not an April Fools' joke - said it wanted to get people talking about cultured meat, calling it a more sustainable alternative for real meat.

公司創(chuàng)始人諾克史密斯表示：“我們想創(chuàng)造一種與當(dāng)前世界上任何存在都完全不同的東西。”他補(bǔ)充說，選擇猛犸象的另一個原因是，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為猛犸象的滅絕是由氣候變化造成的。

 

"We wanted to create something that was totally different from anything you can get now," Vow founder Tim Noakesmith told Reuters, adding that an additional reason for choosing mammoth is that scientists believe that the animal's extinction was caused by climate change.

據(jù)報道，這種肉丸是由綿羊細(xì)胞（sheep cells），結(jié)合猛犸象肌紅蛋白（myoglobin）的DNA序列（DNA sequence）混合而成的細(xì)胞培育結(jié)果。不過，由于獲取的猛犸象DNA序列有部分缺失，因此也插入了一些非洲象的DNA來補(bǔ)齊它。該公司首席科學(xué)官詹姆斯·賴爾聲稱：“肉類的色澤和味道與肌紅蛋白有關(guān)。”   

 

The meatball was made of sheep cells inserted with a singular mammoth gene called myoglobin.

Since the mammoth's DNA sequence obtained by Vow had a few gaps, African elephant DNA was inserted to complete it.

"When it comes to meat, myoglobin is responsible for the aroma, the color and the taste", James Ryall, Vow's Chief Scientific Officer explained.

賴爾還稱，“就像他們（科學(xué)家）在電影《侏羅紀(jì)公園》中所做的類似”，最大的區(qū)別在于，他們不是在創(chuàng)造真實的動物。

"Much like they do in the movie Jurassic Park", Ryall said, stressing the biggest difference is that they were not creating actual animals.

據(jù)悉，雖然制造人造肉通常意味著使用死牛犢的血液，但該公司使用了另一種方法，在制作猛犸象肉丸的過程中沒有殺死任何動物。

While creating cultured meat usually means using blood of a dead calf, Vow used an alternative, meaning no animals were killed in the making of the mammoth meatball.

不過，目前這顆帶有鱷魚肉香味的肉丸還不能食用。

The meatball, which has the aroma of crocodile meat, is currently not for consumption.

諾克史密斯表示，肉丸里的蛋白質(zhì)已經(jīng)有4000年的歷史了，在該產(chǎn)品被推向市場前，必須要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的測試。

"Its protein is literally 4,000 years old. We haven't seen it in a very long time. That means we want to put it through rigorous tests, something that we would do with any product we bring to the market," Noakesmith said.

另據(jù)CNN報道，猛犸象大約在5000年前滅絕，它們的尸體在永久凍土（permafrost）中被發(fā)現(xiàn)保存得非常完好，血管里還有血液。

The carcasses of mammoths, which went extinct about 5,000 years ago, have been found so well preserved in permafrost, they still had blood in their veins.

 

斯德哥爾摩大學(xué)古遺傳學(xué)中心的進(jìn)化基因組學(xué)教授洛夫·達(dá)倫曾對世界上最古老的猛犸象DNA進(jìn)行測序，他聲稱自己知道猛犸象肉的實際味道。

Love Dalén, a professor of evolutionary genomics at Stockholm University’s Centre for Paleogenetics who sequenced the world’s oldest mammoth DNA, knows what mammoth meat actually tastes like.

該教授講述說，在2012年西伯利亞亞納河的一次實地考察中，他嘗試了一小塊從一頭小猛犸象的部分尸體上取出的凍肉。雖然他認(rèn)為Vow公司的這個肉丸項目沒有多少科學(xué)價值，但如果猛犸象肉真的上市的話，他一定會嘗嘗，“毫無疑問，我很想試試！它不可能比真正的猛犸象肉更難吃。”

During a field trip to the Yana River in Siberia in 2012, Dalén said he tried a small piece of frozen meat taken from partial carcass of a baby mammoth. While he said couldn’t see great scientific value in the meatball project, were they to ever go on sale, Dalén said he would definitely taste one.

“Without doubt I would love to try this!” he said. “It cannot possibly taste worse than real mammoth meat.”

CNN報道稱，全球約三分之一的溫室氣體排放來自食品生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，其中大部分來自畜牧業(yè)。人造肉支持者希望通過人造肉減少屠宰動物作為食物的需求，并認(rèn)為這有助于應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)。

Advocates hope cultured meat will reduce the need to slaughter animals for food and help fight the climate crisis. The food system is responsible for about a third of global greenhouse gas emissions, most of which result from animal agriculture.

Vow公司希望盡快獲得新加坡監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)，銷售該公司在實驗室培育的鵪鶉肉。新加坡是首個批準(zhǔn)人造肉的國家。而在美國，食品及藥物管理局也已經(jīng)表示，實驗室培育的雞肉可以供人類食用。

Vow hopes to soon get regulatory approval in Singapore, the first country to approve cultured meat, to sell lab-made quail meat it has developed. In the United States, the FDA has said that lab-grown chicken is OK for human consumption.

不過，據(jù)歐洲新聞電視臺等外媒報道，意大利政府3月28日晚通過了一項立法草案，旨在禁止包括人造肉在內(nèi)的合成食品在意大利的生產(chǎn)和銷售。意大利農(nóng)業(yè)部部長表示，此舉的目的是保護(hù)該國的農(nóng)業(yè)食品遺產(chǎn)。

 

Italy's government has approved a bill banning the production and use of lab-grown food and feed.

The aim is to protect the country's agri-food heritage, according to the country’s agriculture minister.
 

該草案稱，如果該提案在議會獲得通過，意大利工業(yè)將不允許“用來自脊椎動物的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物或組織”生產(chǎn)食品或飼料。

 

根據(jù)這一法案，違反禁令可能會面臨多種類型的處罰，例如會受到最高6萬歐元的罰款，并在三年內(nèi)失去獲得公共資金的權(quán)利。發(fā)生違規(guī)行為的工廠將被關(guān)閉。
 

If the proposal is passed by parliament, Italian industry will not be allowed to produce food or feed "from cell cultures or tissues derived from vertebrate animals", the bill said.

The bill stipulates that anyone who violates the new law can be fined up to €60,000 euros, losing the right to public funding for up to three years. Factories where violations occur can be shut down.
 

綜合來源：路透社，CNN，歐洲新聞電視臺，環(huán)球時報，參考消息