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Jawed fish are proved to have thrived 440 million years ago, eventually moving on land and evolving into other animals. VCG

Humans evolved from apes. This is what we learned in biology class. But what came before apes? Chinese scientists have discovered fossils that could enrich the evolutionary story of how humans evolved from fish.

我們?cè)谏镎n上學(xué)過，人類是從類人猿進(jìn)化而來的，但是在類人猿之前呢？我國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一批化石，完善了人類如何從魚類演化而來的進(jìn)化故事。

According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September, Chinese researchers found fish fossils that provide the “missing link” about the origin of the jaw, a key trait that 99.8 percent of vertebrate species have.

根據(jù)9月下旬發(fā)表于《自然》雜志的四篇文章，中國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的古魚化石填補(bǔ)了有頜類起源的“缺失環(huán)節(jié)”，地球上現(xiàn)存99.8%的脊椎動(dòng)物都具有頜骨(上頜與下巴)這一關(guān)鍵特征。

Zhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world due to the importance of jaws in animal evolution.

據(jù)《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，領(lǐng)銜該研究的中國(guó)科學(xué)院朱敏院士表示，有頜類在動(dòng)物演化史中至關(guān)重要，因此這些發(fā)現(xiàn)在科學(xué)界引發(fā)了極大興趣。

However, the rise of the jaw had been a mystery due to a lack of sufficient fossil evidence to support that jawed vertebrates lived 450 million years ago.

然而，有頜類的崛起一度籠罩在迷霧中，由于化石實(shí)證不夠充分，科學(xué)家無法證明4.5億年前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)有頜脊椎動(dòng)物。

The latest findings made by Zhu’s team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossils that included three whole-bodied fish, helping scientists paint a more accurate evolutionary picture of the origin of the jaw. The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata date back to the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago.

朱敏院士團(tuán)隊(duì)的最新研究成果展示了五種保存十分完好的古魚化石，其中包括三種完整保存的魚類，幫助科學(xué)家描繪出了更準(zhǔn)確的有頜類起源進(jìn)化圖。這些古魚化石是在我國(guó)重慶、貴州等地志留紀(jì)早期距今約4.4億年的地層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

These fossils show that jawed fish were already thriving in the world’s ancient oceans at that time. Later on, more diverse and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world, paving the way for some fish to eventually go on land and evolve into other animals – including humans.

朱敏院士團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石表明，有頜類各大類群當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)在那片遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期的海洋中欣欣向榮。后來，更多樣、更大型的有頜類屬種出現(xiàn)并開始擴(kuò)散到全球，開啟了魚類登陸，并最終演化成為其他動(dòng)物——包括人類的進(jìn)程。

“These fossils provide an unprecedented opportunity to peek into the ‘dawn of fish’ and help scientists trace many human body structures back to these ancient fish, thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionary history of how fish evolved into humans,” Zhu said.

朱敏院士說，“這些化石為我們一窺‘魚類的黎明’提供了前所未有的機(jī)會(huì)，還幫助科學(xué)家將很多與人類相關(guān)的解剖學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)追溯到這些遠(yuǎn)古魚類，填補(bǔ)了‘從魚到人’演化史上的一些關(guān)鍵空白。”

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào)》高三788期