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Researchers have separated cells from spinach to build the system. TUCHONG

Photosynthesis is a unique skill of green plants – they turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and food via sunlight. A group of Chinese scientists, however, “copied” the process on animals.

光合作用是綠色植物的一項(xiàng)獨(dú)特技能——植物通過陽光將水和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣和食物。然而，一個(gè)中國科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)在動(dòng)物身上“復(fù)制”了這一過程。

To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores energy within the glucose molecules.

要想理解這個(gè)新的突破，重點(diǎn)要了解光合作用如何運(yùn)作。植物從空氣和土壤中吸收二氧化碳和水。在植物細(xì)胞內(nèi)，水氧化并轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣，而二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖。隨后植物將氧氣釋放回空氣中，并將能量儲(chǔ)存在葡萄糖分子內(nèi)。

In the study, the researchers from Zhejiang University developed an independent and controllable photosynthetic system, according to the study published in Nature in early December, 2022. They separated thylakoids a part of the cell where light reactions take place in plants, from young spinach leaves. The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies.

該研究發(fā)表于2022年12月初的《自然》雜志上，浙江大學(xué)的研究人員開發(fā)了一套獨(dú)立、可控的光合作用系統(tǒng)。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)從菠菜嫩葉中分離出參與光合作用的類囊體，再用動(dòng)物自身的細(xì)胞膜來包裹類囊體，借助這層偽裝，讓植入的類囊體更容易為相異的細(xì)胞所接受。

The mice used in the study were suffering from arthritis, meaning cells in their cartilage had degenerated and could not be repaired by themselves. With the thylakoids implanted into the mice and exposed to light, the mice recovered. Their metabolism returned to normal.

在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究者以骨關(guān)節(jié)炎小鼠模型為例進(jìn)行了探索，這些小鼠的軟骨細(xì)胞已經(jīng)退變、老化，無法自行修復(fù)。研究人員將類囊體植入小鼠體內(nèi)，并施加光照，小鼠的關(guān)節(jié)健康狀況因此得到明顯改善，細(xì)胞的合成代謝也恢復(fù)正常。

In arthritis, the patients usually have energy loss since fewer energy-carrying molecules are generated. The implant, however, can correct the imbalance by storing more energy via photosynthesis.

如果患有骨關(guān)節(jié)炎，由于新生的載能分子較少，患者通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生能量損失。然而，植入的類囊體可以通過光合作用儲(chǔ)存更多能量，扭轉(zhuǎn)這一失衡狀態(tài)。

The researchers also claimed that their tests would have medical usage. It can be used as part of the solution for degenerative diseases because the natural photosynthesis system may repair cells. It may also delay the aging process in cells.

研究人員還表示，這項(xiàng)測試將具有醫(yī)療用途，由于植物天生的光合作用系統(tǒng)可以修復(fù)細(xì)胞，該研究適用于退行性疾病的治療策略，還有望延緩細(xì)胞的衰老。

The study showed “an exciting achievement that opens up possibilities of metabolism engineering,” commented one of the paper’s reviewers Francisco Cejudo from the University of Seville in Spain, reported Xinhua.

據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，來自西班牙塞維利亞大學(xué)的論文同行評審弗朗西斯科·塞朱多認(rèn)為，該研究“是一項(xiàng)令人興奮的成就，開辟了代謝工程的可能性。”

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào)》高三797期