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Each person has their own unique set of fingerprints. TUCHONG

Fingerprints have been used to identify individuals for centuries. But now scientists may have finally figured out how these patterns are formed, according to a paper published in the journal Cell.

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們一直用指紋識(shí)別不同的個(gè)體。但根據(jù)發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞》雜志上的一篇論文，現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們可能終于弄清楚了指紋形成的機(jī)制。

Previous studies have shown that fingerprints can be influenced by how fast the different layers of skin grow. Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and his colleagues started their study from a new perspective: how genes affect fingerprint patterns. They identified the genes related to limb development, which could serve as the groundwork for print formation, according to their work published in 2022.

先前的研究表明，不同皮膚層生長(zhǎng)速度各異會(huì)影響指紋形成。英國(guó)愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)的Denis Headon和團(tuán)隊(duì)成員從一個(gè)新的角度展開(kāi)研究：基因是如何影響指紋圖案的。根據(jù)該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在2022年發(fā)表的研究成果，他們確定了人類肢體發(fā)育相關(guān)基因，而這些基因可以成為指紋形成的基礎(chǔ)。

However, many genes are not involved during this formation process. “[The key is] how they are deployed on the anatomy of the hand,” Headon told Nature, a science journal. The team studied the ridges on mouse toes and human cells grown artificially.

然而，許多基因并沒(méi)有參與指紋形成的過(guò)程。Headon在接受科學(xué)雜志《自然》采訪時(shí)表示，“（關(guān)鍵是）這些基因如何作用于手的構(gòu)造。”研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研習(xí)了小鼠腳趾上的脊，以及人工培養(yǎng)的人類細(xì)胞。

They found two kinds of elements work against each other. A protein called WNT, which is important in skin development, stimulates ridge formation. Another molecule, called BMP, inhibits the ridges. With the two elements “fighting” each other, they create the patterns of waves.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種相互作用的元素。一種名為WNT的蛋白質(zhì)在皮膚發(fā)育中很重要，能刺激脊?fàn)钔蛊鸬男纬?，而另一種名為BMP的蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)抑制脊?fàn)钔蛊?，產(chǎn)生凹槽。當(dāng)這兩種元素相互“戰(zhàn)斗”時(shí)，就形成了波浪圖案。

The team also changed the timing and the location of the origins of the waves in simulations. They discovered that the waves collide in different ways, which helps to create the diversity of print patterns.

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還在模擬中改變了脊?fàn)畈ㄐ纬傻臅r(shí)間和位置，并發(fā)現(xiàn)脊?fàn)畈〞?huì)以不同方式碰撞，這有助于形成不同的紋路圖案。

Interestingly, the analysis of the fingerprint patterns supported the Turing reaction-diffusion system. It was first proposed by UK scientist Alan Turing in 1952 to describe a self-organizing system that creates patterns in nature, such as the feather patterns in birds and stripes on zebra.

有趣的是，對(duì)指紋圖案的分析支持了“圖靈反應(yīng)-擴(kuò)散系統(tǒng)”。該機(jī)制最初由英國(guó)科學(xué)家艾倫·圖靈于1952年提出，用來(lái)描述諸如鳥(niǎo)類羽毛花紋、斑馬條紋等在自然界中形成圖案的自組織系統(tǒng)。

Based on the new study, it may be possible that the structures of human skin might be all generated by the same mechanism, Sarah Millar, a US biologist, told the website Science News. However, more studies on how the skin matures are needed to solve the mystery.

美國(guó)生物學(xué)家Sarah Millar在接受《科學(xué)新聞》網(wǎng)站采訪時(shí)表示，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新研究，人類皮膚的構(gòu)造可能都是由相同機(jī)制形成。然而，要解開(kāi)皮膚形成機(jī)制之謎，還需要進(jìn)行更多有關(guān)皮膚如何發(fā)育成熟的研究。

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào)》高二904期