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3D printing technology is used to print out hearts. TUCHONG

Three-dimensional printing, a technology that creates objects layer by layer, has revolutionized the way we make things. Recently, a group of Chinese scientists took things a step further by using this technology to create realistic replicas of human organs.

逐層創(chuàng)造物體的3D打印技術(shù)，徹底改變了我們制造物品的方式。最近，一支中國(guó)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)更進(jìn)一步，利用3D打印制造出了逼真的人體器官模型。

Previously, it was challenging to create a single material that could print different human organs due to their complexity. The research team from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences started by using hydrogel, a soft gel-like material as the main ingredient.

此前，由于不同的人體器官各有復(fù)雜之處，制造一種可以打印不同器官的材料極具挑戰(zhàn)性。中國(guó)科學(xué)院蘭州化學(xué)物理研究所的一支科研團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)始將一種柔軟的膠狀材料——水凝膠，作為主要原料。

Human organs have various textures, with our brains being the softest. To replicate the hardness of materials like bone, the researchers added metallic elements to the hydrogel and adjusted their ratio to create the texture of each organ. However, the structure inside human organs is also incredibly complex with many interweaving channels. To make sure the printing results are correct, the team used light-curing technology in the 3D printing process. A special lamp was placed under the printing machine, causing the gel to become solid right after it was printed.

我們?nèi)梭w的器官質(zhì)地各異，其中大腦最為柔軟。為了復(fù)刻諸如骨頭等材質(zhì)的剛度，研究人員向水凝膠中添加了金屬元素，并調(diào)整其比例，打造出每個(gè)器官的質(zhì)地。然而，人體器官的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)也非常復(fù)雜，含有許多相互交織的通道。為了確保打印結(jié)果無(wú)誤，該團(tuán)隊(duì)在3D打印過(guò)程中運(yùn)用了光固化技術(shù)。研究人員在印刷機(jī)下方放置一盞特殊的燈，令水凝膠一打印出來(lái)就立即變成固體。

According to the team’s paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, they were able to produce organ models including the brain, lungs, and intestines.

根據(jù)該科研團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表在《高級(jí)功能材料》期刊上的文章，研究人員已能夠制造出包括大腦、肺、腸等在內(nèi)的器官模型。

These 3D printed organ models are essential for research purposes, such as testing medical equipment and demonstrating surgeries. Compared to live organs and animal models, they are also ethically acceptable since they are printed artificially. They can help researchers develop new treatments more efficiently, due to their lower relative cost, commented the Alliance of Advanced Biomedical Engineering website.

這些3D打印的器官模型對(duì)于醫(yī)療設(shè)備測(cè)試、手術(shù)演示等科研目的至關(guān)重要，且由于模型是人工打印而成，與活體器官和動(dòng)物模型相比，在倫理上也易于接受。先進(jìn)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程聯(lián)盟在網(wǎng)站發(fā)表評(píng)論稱(chēng)，3D打印的器官模型相對(duì)成本較低，可以幫助研究人員更有效地開(kāi)發(fā)新的治療方法。

Hydrogel materials, however, usually cannot be used as transplants, because human cells are likely to recognize them as “enemies” and start to fight against them. What scientists have been exploring in “printing” the organs is bioprinting: using 3D printing technology to build up various types of cells and materials layer by layer. This way, the printed product will be more acceptable to grow inside the human body. However, this method is still developing, and experts are hoping it will be used in the medical field within a decade, according to CNN.

然而，水凝膠材料通常不能移植，因?yàn)槿梭w細(xì)胞很可能將其視為“敵人”，并開(kāi)始與之對(duì)抗。在“打印”器官方面，研究人員一直在探索的是生物打印，即利用3D打印技術(shù)逐層構(gòu)建各種類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞和材料。這樣一來(lái)，打印出來(lái)的成品將更容易在人體內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)。然而，據(jù)美國(guó)有線(xiàn)電視新聞網(wǎng)（CNN）報(bào)道，生物打印仍在發(fā)展階段，專(zhuān)家們希望在十年內(nèi)將其應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域。

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào)》高三811期