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A cockatoo flies toward a puzzle box using a stick in its mouth as a tool. THE UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

 

 

The ability to use tools is rare in the animal world, yet the cockatoos have been proven capable of more than just using tools.

在動(dòng)物界中，使用工具的能力相當(dāng)罕見，鳳頭鸚鵡卻證明了自己能做的比單純使用工具還要多。

 

According to a paper published in Current Biology in February, scientists designed various tasks for a group of cockatoos. The first task was getting a nut out of a puzzle box, requiring two tools: first a short, sharp tool used to cut the membrane, then a long stick to get the nut out of a hole. Five out of 10 cockatoos were able to reach the nut.

根據(jù)2月份發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》上的一篇文章，研究人員為一群鳳頭鸚鵡設(shè)計(jì)了各種任務(wù)。第一個(gè)任務(wù)是從一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)巧妙的盒子中，取出一枚堅(jiān)果，這需要用到兩種工具：首先是一件短而鋒利的工具，用以切割薄膜，其次是一根長(zhǎng)棍，用來把堅(jiān)果從洞中取出。10只鳳頭鸚鵡中，5只可以夠到堅(jiān)果。

 

In the following tasks, the cockatoos were observed picking up tools before doing the task, showing their ability to plan ahead. Researchers also noticed that each cockatoo had a different way of carrying and using the tools.

在接下來的任務(wù)中，研究人員觀察到鳳頭鸚鵡在執(zhí)行任務(wù)前會(huì)拿起工具，這顯示出鸚鵡具有提前計(jì)劃的能力。他們還注意到，每只鳳頭鸚鵡攜帶、使用工具的方式都各不相同。

 

Using a set of tools means that the animal can “solve problems through flexibly applying some insight of a given situation,” Mark Briffa at the University of Plymouth, UK, told CNN.

英國(guó)普利茅斯大學(xué)的Mark Briffa在接受美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)（CNN）采訪時(shí)表示，使用一套工具意味著動(dòng)物能夠“根據(jù)特定情況，靈活運(yùn)用洞察力解決問題”。

 

The great intelligence of cockatoos makes them popular pets – they can mimic sounds and dance to music. However, these smart birds may suffer from mental health issues as well. Common signs of stress and anxiety include biting and feather picking, according to the PetMD website. Biting is often regarded as a form of attack, but sometimes cockatoos bite others due to stress and fear. Feather picking can be a more serious sign that the cockatoo is unhappy. In extreme conditions, a cockatoo may pluck out all of its feathers.

鳳頭鸚鵡因智商高成為備受歡迎的寵物——鸚鵡們可以模仿聲音，還能隨著音樂跳舞。然而，這些聰明的鳥類也可能有心理健康問題。根據(jù)PetMD網(wǎng)站的說法，鳳頭鸚鵡受到壓力、產(chǎn)生焦慮的跡象通常是咬人、啄羽毛。人們經(jīng)常將咬人視為一種攻擊，但有時(shí)鸚鵡咬人是出于壓力和恐懼。而啄羽毛可能是一個(gè)更嚴(yán)重的信號(hào)，這表明鳳頭鸚鵡心情郁悶。極端情況下，鳳頭鸚鵡甚至可能會(huì)啄掉自己所有的羽毛。

 

Some other pets show similar troubling behaviors too. For example, according to Discover magazine, pet dogs may compulsively chew their nails or lick their bodies so much that they form ulcers. Pets crave attention, joy and excitement. As scientists learn more about animal intelligence, we should keep in mind that they may suffer from psychological illnesses just like we do.

一些別的寵物也會(huì)表現(xiàn)出類似的令人擔(dān)憂的行為。例如，據(jù)《發(fā)現(xiàn)》雜志報(bào)道，寵物狗可能會(huì)強(qiáng)迫性地啃咬指甲或舔舐自己的身體，因此形成潰瘍。寵物渴望關(guān)注、追求快樂和刺激。隨著科研人員對(duì)動(dòng)物智力了解得越來越多，我們應(yīng)該記住，動(dòng)物可能和我們一樣患有心理疾病。

 

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào)》高二898期