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This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission, with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut to go to space. Since then, another 17 astronauts have reached for the stars. The selection of the fourth generation of astronauts began in 2022 and is now in full swing. Experts revealed how tough (困難的) the training is before astronauts can soar (高飛) to space.

今年是中國(guó)首次載人飛行任務(wù)成功20周年，2003年，我國(guó)“神舟五號(hào)”載人飛船在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心成功發(fā)射，把中國(guó)首位航天員楊利偉送入太空。自那時(shí)起，已經(jīng)有17位航天員飛向太空。第四批航天員的選拔工作2022年啟動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在正全力進(jìn)行中。專家揭示了，航天員在高飛進(jìn)入太空之前的訓(xùn)練，有多么困難。

The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are confronted (面對(duì)) with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of isolation and confinement (封閉) living in a small spacecraft for months can impair (損害) their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program.

人體不是為太空生活而設(shè)計(jì)的。航天員在太空任務(wù)中要面對(duì)多種多樣的挑戰(zhàn)。重力的變化會(huì)對(duì)身體產(chǎn)生影響。在狹小密閉的宇宙飛船空間生活數(shù)月，所帶來的孤獨(dú)和封閉感，會(huì)有損心理健康。任務(wù)執(zhí)行中出現(xiàn)的突發(fā)狀況，考驗(yàn)著他們，在面對(duì)巨大的壓力時(shí)是否有足夠的知識(shí)和能力。所以毫無(wú)疑問地，經(jīng)過困難的訓(xùn)練并且達(dá)到非常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，才能成為一名合格的航天員。

To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, were set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also encompasses (包含) basic scientific theories, psychological health, and mock (模擬) missions.

為了保證中國(guó)航天員能夠完成他們的太空任務(wù)并且安全返回地球，“訓(xùn)練有八大類，包含200多個(gè)科目”，中國(guó)載人航天工程航天員系統(tǒng)總設(shè)計(jì)師黃偉芬在接受CCTV采訪時(shí)說，“每個(gè)科目又有很多訓(xùn)練單元，涉及到醫(yī)學(xué)、生理、心理，還有科學(xué)理論和工程技術(shù)，以及模擬太空訓(xùn)練等。”

Among the training subjects, the most tiring one is underwater training. This training is designed for astronauts to adapt to the microgravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time. Water resistance (阻力) and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng (one of the astronauts) once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang.

在所有的訓(xùn)練課目當(dāng)中，最辛苦的是水下訓(xùn)練。這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練的目的，是為了讓航天員能夠適應(yīng)太空環(huán)境中的微重力。據(jù)黃偉芬介紹，航天員待在水下，穿著100多公斤重的工作服，一次要在水下工作6個(gè)小時(shí)。水的阻力和衣服的重力讓每一個(gè)動(dòng)作都變得極其費(fèi)力。“曾有報(bào)道披露，聶海勝（一位獲選執(zhí)行太空飛行任務(wù)的航天員）曾在經(jīng)歷了水下訓(xùn)練之后瘦了兩公斤”，黃偉芬說。

Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space.

每一位航天員在有機(jī)會(huì)執(zhí)行太空飛行任務(wù)之前，都要接受至少三年半的訓(xùn)練。

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)》高一922期