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On Nov 3, China’s State Council stressed the high-quality development of the rare earth industry at a key meeting. The meeting called for efforts to explore better management of rare earth, seeing it as a critical strategic resource. So, what makes rare earth so important?

國(guó)務(wù)院總理李強(qiáng)11月3日主持召開(kāi)國(guó)務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議，研究推動(dòng)稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展有關(guān)工作。會(huì)議指出，稀土是戰(zhàn)略性礦產(chǎn)資源，要統(tǒng)籌稀土資源勘探、開(kāi)發(fā)利用與規(guī)范管理。那么，為什么稀土資源如此重要？
 

In fact, rare earths are neither rare nor earths. They include 17 nearly identical, silvery-white, heavy metals. While they are relatively plentiful in Earth’s crust (地殼) – even more abundant (豐富的) than copper (銅) – their production proves challenging. Rare earths tend to be spread out in their ores (礦石). So, getting purified (純的) rare earth metals requires processing enormous amounts of raw ore at great expense, thus making it “rare”.

其實(shí)，稀土資源不是指“珍貴的土壤”。稀土是 17 種十分相似的銀白色重金屬元素的總稱(chēng)。雖然它們?cè)诘貧ぶ袕V為存在，甚至比銅含量還豐富，但將它們運(yùn)用于生產(chǎn)生活并不容易。稀土以稀土礦的形態(tài)存在。所以，想要采獲高純度稀土，需要大規(guī)模、高成本開(kāi)礦，這也是稀土之所以“稀有”的原因。
 

You might think you would only come across rare earths in your chemistry textbook, but they are part of your daily life. A typical example is their contributions to smartphones. Neodymium (釹), for example, plays a crucial role in making the tiny yet powerful magnets (磁鐵) responsible for the vibrations (振動(dòng)) in your phone. Meanwhile, elements like terbium (鋱) are responsible for producing the bright and pretty colors that grace your screen.

你或許認(rèn)為只在化學(xué)書(shū)中與稀土碰過(guò)面，但它們其實(shí)就在你的日常生活中。一個(gè)典型的例子是其在手機(jī)中的使用。比如，釹，對(duì)于手機(jī)中微小但強(qiáng)力的振動(dòng)磁鐵起到至關(guān)重要的作用。再比如，像鋱這樣的元素就用于手機(jī)屏幕的光亮和色彩。
 

Known as the “vitamins of modern industry”, the rare earth resource has been used in many industries. In national defense and security, they are used to make things like precision-guided missiles (精確制導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈), night vision goggles (夜視鏡), and lightweight armor (盔甲). For example, each US F-35 fighter jet contains about 417 kilograms of rare earths, reported The Washington Post. Rare earths are also key to making semiconductors (半導(dǎo)體). Being great at controlling conductivity, they can help make semiconductors smaller and more efficient.

號(hào)稱(chēng)“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的維生素”，稀土資源被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。在國(guó)家防御安全系統(tǒng)，它們被應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)精確制導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈，夜視鏡，輕裝盔甲等設(shè)備。比如，據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，一架F35戰(zhàn)機(jī)要用417公斤稀土。稀土也是生產(chǎn)半導(dǎo)體的關(guān)鍵。具有強(qiáng)控制傳導(dǎo)性，它們可以用來(lái)生產(chǎn)更小但更高效的半導(dǎo)體。
 

Due to their usefulness, rare earth stands as an essential strategic resource for every nation. China holds an absolute advantage in this area. Having over one-third of the global rare earth reserves, China uses cutting-edge techniques for rare earth purification. Reuters reported that in 2022, China accounted for 70 percent of the world’s rare earth mine production.

因?yàn)榉浅Ｓ杏?，稀土資源對(duì)各國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)都是關(guān)鍵的戰(zhàn)略資源。中國(guó)擁有較為豐富的稀土資源。擁有約占世界總儲(chǔ)量三分之一的稀土資源，中國(guó)利用前沿技術(shù)開(kāi)采、提純稀土。據(jù)路透社報(bào)道，2022年，中國(guó)稀土產(chǎn)量就在全球稀土產(chǎn)量中占比70%。
 

During his 1992 southern tour, Deng Xiaoping recognized the significance of these elements, saying, “The Middle East has oil, and China has rare earths.” With strong determination, China aims to safeguard this precious resource and make the best of it to power its ongoing development.

1992年鄧小平在南巡時(shí)就曾提到：“中東有石油，中國(guó)有稀土……一定要把稀土的事情辦好。”中國(guó)有決心保護(hù)好珍貴的稀土資源，并在未來(lái)的發(fā)展中充分利用。

以上文章內(nèi)容選自《21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)》高二927期