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There are more than 20 million people living with a hearing impairment in China. In January, 2021, Tan Ting became the only person within this group to pass China’s unified qualification exam for legal professionals. She will become a full-fledged lawyer recently after a year's probation.

通過學(xué)習(xí)重返正常社會(huì)
加入律師事務(wù)所后重新開口

譚婷出生于四川涼山，8歲時(shí)，她因中耳炎治療不當(dāng)，失去了聽力，也因此輟學(xué)5年。13歲那年，在父母的奔走下，譚婷入讀特殊教育學(xué)校。“當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)就像是我的救命稻草，也是我再次回到正常社會(huì)的唯一方式。”憑著認(rèn)真刻苦的勁頭，譚婷接連跳級(jí)兩次。2013年，譚婷考上重慶師范大學(xué)特殊教育專業(yè)，成為當(dāng)時(shí)全年級(jí)唯一考上本科學(xué)校的學(xué)生。

圖源：央視新聞

Tan was born in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China’s Sichuan province. When she was eight, Tan lost her hearing and soon thereafter she dropped out of school for a period of five years. After she regained confidence, Tan decided to continue her education by going to special schools. In 2013, she was admitted by the special education department to Chongqing Normal University based in Chongqing, a close neighbor of Sichuan.

大學(xué)里的譚婷原本想成為一名特殊教育學(xué)校的老師，但畢業(yè)找工作時(shí)，偶然看到的一則招聘信息改變了她的人生路徑。當(dāng)時(shí)，中國手語律師第一人唐帥在招收聾人做助理，被其事跡打動(dòng)的譚婷決定去應(yīng)聘，為聾人群體出一份力。

進(jìn)入律師事務(wù)所后，唐帥給譚婷的任務(wù)是做好聾人委托人和健聽人（聽力健全人的簡稱）律師之間的橋梁。

然而，失去聽力后就再?zèng)]開口說過話的譚婷，聲帶也慢慢退化，這使得她每說一個(gè)字都要很用力，正確掌握發(fā)音也十分困難。一開始，譚婷的喉嚨有些受不了，每次發(fā)聲都像針扎一樣刺痛，腫得喝水都疼。

但譚婷堅(jiān)持通過手機(jī)將語音轉(zhuǎn)換文字的軟件練習(xí)發(fā)音。通常一個(gè)詞要讀上百遍、千遍，她才能看到語音轉(zhuǎn)換出的準(zhǔn)確的文字，光是“很高興認(rèn)識(shí)你”這句話，她就練習(xí)了3個(gè)月?？晒Ψ虿回?fù)有心人，經(jīng)過這些年的練習(xí)，譚婷已經(jīng)能和身邊的律師流暢溝通。

圖源：央視新聞

It has been difficult for Tan to speak a word since she lost her hearing. To make sure she could pronounce words correctly, Tan would read aloud a single word several hundreds of times. Gradually, her spoken words could be identified and properly translated by an app into a textual format, which allowed her to communicate better with clients. Now, Tan is capable of independently providing legal advice through the use of sign language, and assists lawyers in handling legal cases.

譚婷還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工作中，不僅和健全人溝通存在著障礙，和聾人之間的交流也并非通暢。據(jù)譚婷介紹，在特殊學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，老師教授的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的漢語手語，但真正在接待聾人當(dāng)事人時(shí)，大家都用自然手語交流，很難看懂對方在說什么。

“漢語手語和自然手語之間有很大的區(qū)別。”譚婷解釋說，漢語手語，嚴(yán)格遵守漢語語序，而自然手語是自然狀態(tài)下聾人之間交際時(shí)用的手語，能夠表現(xiàn)情緒，在聾人世界里廣泛使用。

While providing legal assistance for hearing-impaired people, the biggest obstacle for her was the “language barrier.” The word order of the sign language Tan was taught at the special schools is consistent with spoken language, but most of her clients use a different sign language that is expressed through the use of hand gestures and facial expressions, and the grammar is also different.

比如“滅火”一詞，按照漢語的語序，手語應(yīng)先比“撲滅”、再比“火”?？蓪?shí)際上聾人聽不到，主要依靠視覺，會(huì)先看到“火”，再看到“撲滅”，因而手語中應(yīng)該比“火滅”。如果比健聽人思維的“滅火”，可能會(huì)讓聾人以為火又燃起來了。

因此，在實(shí)際工作中，譚婷需要一遍遍“溝通”和核實(shí)，才能為聾人提供幫助。通過不斷練習(xí)，譚婷基本熟練掌握了“自然手語”。目前，她已經(jīng)可以使用手語獨(dú)立完成法律咨詢工作，也可以協(xié)助聽人律師向聾人當(dāng)事人了解案情、配合訴訟工作。

圖源：第1眼 CBG

“三戰(zhàn)”司法考試
在母親的鼓勵(lì)下創(chuàng)造歷史

在協(xié)助唐帥接待前來求助的聾人朋友時(shí)，譚婷意識(shí)到，聾人群體在面臨法律問題時(shí)常處于“啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出”的狀態(tài)，她希望自己能成為既懂手語又懂法律的專業(yè)人才。

After graduation from the university, Tan became an assistant lawyer at a layer firm run by Tang Shuai, the country’s only sign language lawyer. After working for Tang for a period of time, Tan realized that she wanted to become a lawyer. “People with hearing impairment couldn’t express themselves properly when they were in need of legal assistance, which resulted in them being treated unfairly in some cases. Because of this, I told myself that I should learn hard.”

The exam had proven extremely difficult for Tan because the knowledge she had learnt under the framework of special education was very different from that offered through mainstream education. Without having learnt any legal knowledge, she had to start from scratch.

2017年，譚婷開始準(zhǔn)備司法考試。譚婷請教身邊的律師來準(zhǔn)備考試資料，平時(shí)通過看授課視頻、看書、練題來自學(xué)。因?yàn)槁牪灰?，她的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度很慢。一段30分鐘的視頻，譚婷要對著授課視頻的字幕反復(fù)看，花3個(gè)小時(shí)才能看完。

司法考試難度極大，對于跨專業(yè)學(xué)法律的聾人考生譚婷來說，更是難上加難。與譚婷同期進(jìn)入唐帥律師事務(wù)所并踏上考試征途的，還有其他4個(gè)聾人同學(xué)，但最終只有譚婷堅(jiān)持下來了。

譚婷考了3年，2018年，差10分，2019年，差4分。學(xué)習(xí)上再苦再難，她都沒有停下腳步，3年里唯一讓她想放棄的時(shí)刻是聽到母親病重的消息。

圖源：央視新聞

Tan had failed the exam twice before, once in 2018 and again in 2019, but she had never thought about giving up. However, before she was about to sit for the exam the third time, her mother was diagnosed with terminal stage cancer. “I had thought about giving up. I lost my father when I was 23, and when my mom fell ill, I really wanted to look after her.”

2020年第三次參加司法考試前的一周，母親被診斷為癌癥晚期，這個(gè)噩耗讓譚婷一度崩潰。譚婷的父親在2015年因?yàn)榘┌Y離開了人世，母親是她最重要的精神依靠。

“當(dāng)時(shí)想放棄那次考試。但媽媽當(dāng)時(shí)說，你一定要去參加考試，你不是為我而活，你是為這個(gè)社會(huì)而活，你應(yīng)當(dāng)去做一些對這個(gè)社會(huì)有益的事情。”

帶著母親的囑托，譚婷走進(jìn)了考場，含淚完成考試。最終，她通過了司法考試，成為全國首位通過司法考試的聾人，這個(gè)消息也讓病床上的媽媽深感欣慰。

圖源：央視新聞

With Tan’s mother continuing to provide encouragement, Tan didn’t give up in the end. In January, 2021, she finally passed the national unified qualification exam for legal professionals and became an interning lawyer.

錄制手語普法短視頻
讓更多人關(guān)注聾人群體

今年，譚婷又多了一個(gè)身份——“寶媽”，這也讓她體會(huì)到很多聾人父母的不易。譚婷的丈夫是她的大學(xué)同學(xué)，也是一位聾人，寶寶晚上哭鬧時(shí)，由于他們二人都聽不到聲音，只能輪流值守?fù)Q著睡，長期下來非常疲憊。“聽障帶來的不便和無奈，那種感覺我懂，所以我更要為他們出一份力。”

休產(chǎn)假時(shí)，譚婷也沒有放下普法工作，她的短視頻賬號(hào)每周都會(huì)進(jìn)行普法直播。譚婷的粉絲大部分都是聾人群體，對于他們在直播中提出的問題，大到法律糾紛，小到求職、人際交往，譚婷都會(huì)視頻連線，用手語耐心解答。

譚婷還錄制了很多手語普法短視頻。在她看來，“手語普法視頻能夠讓更多人看到聾人遇到的困境，也有助于聾人打破‘壁壘’融入社會(huì)。”讓譚婷高興的是，現(xiàn)在越來越多的健聽人也開始關(guān)注她。

圖源：快手@手語律師唐帥助理 譚婷

Tan, who also publicizes legal knowledge on online and offline platforms, said she is determined to do a good job so that people with hearing impairment can gain legal awareness, abide by the law, and become better able to protect their lawful rights.

“可能很多聾人都會(huì)覺得聾人不能做律師，我想用自己的行動(dòng)告訴他們，我們聾人不是不行，只是不便，只要你努力也可以做到。”

"Many people think that it's impossible for a deaf person to become a lawyer," she said. "My success proves that we deaf people can do it if we put in a lot of effort."

譚婷用貼在辦公桌上的便簽寫下對自己的期望：“我想用一雙會(huì)說話的手，把正義的聲音帶到每個(gè)無聲的角落。”

"I will use my hands to spread the voice of justice to hearing-impaired people who are in need of legal assistance.”

新聞來源：央視新聞，中國青年網(wǎng)，華西都市報(bào)，人民網(wǎng)，CHINADAILY