新型冠狀病毒引發(fā)的肺炎疫情成為全社會關(guān)注的焦點后，有關(guān)病毒的來源也是國內(nèi)外關(guān)心的重點問題。然而，科學的真諦在于求真求實用事實說話，而不是網(wǎng)絡上流傳的各種版本的陰謀論。
2月2日，中國科學院武漢病毒所研究員石正麗在朋友圈中寫道，“病毒是大自然給人類不文明生活習慣的懲罰”，并且“用生命擔保”，所謂病毒泄漏“與實驗室沒有關(guān)系”。
A scientist from the Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has debunked a recent conspiracy which claimed the novel coronavirus was manufactured and escaped from the institute's most advanced biocontainment facility. Shi Zhengli, a researcher from the institute, said on her social media on Sunday the virus was the result of "nature punishing the uncivilized habits and customs of humans", and she is willing to "bet my life that [the outbreak] has nothing to do with the lab".
據(jù)《長江日報》微信公眾號報道，1月23日，武漢病毒所石正麗團隊在bioRxiv（生命科學類數(shù)據(jù)庫）預印版平臺上發(fā)表文章《一種新型冠狀病毒的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其可能的蝙蝠起源》（“Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin”），提出新型肺炎病毒或來源于蝙蝠。
文章首次證實了該新型冠狀病毒使用與SARS冠狀病毒相同的細胞進入受體（ACE2），并發(fā)現(xiàn)新型冠狀病毒與一種蝙蝠的冠狀病毒序列一致性高達96%，為后續(xù)病毒致病機理、病毒溯源等研究提供了重要依據(jù)。
Shi was the leading scientist who made the discovery the novel coronavirus can enter cells through ACE2 receptors and may have originated from bats.
《長江日報》報道中表示，通過中科院武漢分院工作人員向她本人求證，此條朋友圈消息屬實，并獲準發(fā)布。
此前，有印度科學人員發(fā)布非同行審評論文，暗示科學家認為在新型冠狀病毒中植入了HIV病毒基因，因此抗HIV治療對新病毒有效。這篇論文備受國際學術(shù)專家的批評，上周日也被從bioRxiv平臺撤下了。
Her comments came after Indian scientists recently published a non-peer reviewed paper suggesting scientists had artificially inserted genes from the HIV virus into the coronavirus, thus making it susceptible to anti-HIV treatments. The paper was immediately panned by experts around the world and retracted from biology journal server bioRxiv last Sunday.
然而，這篇論文卻被持陰謀論媒體引用，作為中國改變病毒基因結(jié)構(gòu)，以及病毒從實驗室中泄露的證據(jù)。
However, the Indian article was widely cited by conspiracy media outlets as proof Chinese scientists had engineered the virus and it escaped from the institute's biosafety level-IV laboratory.
這樣的陰謀論在一月末開始流傳，英國《每日郵報》以及美國《華盛頓時報》相繼發(fā)表文章聲稱，最近的疫情爆發(fā)是中國秘密研發(fā)生物武器的意外結(jié)果。
The conspiracy began in late January when British tabloid the Daily Mail and US conservative newspaper the Washington Times published articles claiming the recent outbreak could be the accidental result of secret biological weapons research in China.
盡管文章沒有提供任何證據(jù)，但依然在社交媒體上廣泛傳播，也引發(fā)BBC和《外交政策》網(wǎng)站的辟謠。
Though the articles did not provide any evidence, the conspiracy quickly went viral on social media, prompting media outlets from the BBC to Foreign Policy to debunk the fringe theory.
BBC在報道中指出，很多社交媒體帳號都推送了《華盛頓時報》網(wǎng)站這兩篇廣泛分享的文章，其中都引用了一位以色列前情報人員的說法。
Many accounts pushing the theory cite two widely-shared Washington Times articles both of which quote a former Israeli military intelligence officer for the claim.
然而，這兩篇報道沒有提供這一說法的證據(jù)，此外，被引用的以色列消息源的原文為：目前為止，“沒有證據(jù)和指標”顯示有病毒泄漏。
However, no evidence is provided for the claim in the two articles, and the Israeli source is quoted as saying that "so far there isn't evidence or indication" to suggest there was a leak.
1月31日，《科學》也發(fā)布最新調(diào)查報道稱，生物信息學家正努力用科學擊敗“陰謀論”。
作為石正麗的長期合作伙伴，美國非盈利組織環(huán)保生態(tài)健康聯(lián)盟疾病生態(tài)學家Peter Daszak在接受《科學》采訪時表示，每當新疾病、新病毒出現(xiàn)時，都會產(chǎn)生諸如實驗室泄漏或者生物工程制造一類的“陰謀論”。“這令人羞恥！”
中科院武漢分院的工作人員介紹，“石老師和病毒所的同事們從疫情一開始就不眠不休地投入到研究中，和病毒賽跑，向他們致敬，同時也向所有惡意中傷科研人員的人說一聲，管住嘴，管住腿。”
中國科學院武漢病毒研究所于1月29日發(fā)文《武漢病毒所全力開展新型冠狀病毒肺炎科研攻關(guān)》，披露了當前情況。
文中表示，目前已篩選出了幾種有潛在臨床應用價值的藥物, 篩選結(jié)果已向國家和湖北省新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控指揮部科技攻關(guān)組報告，供綜合研判后指導醫(yī)療救治。在動物模型方面，已基本完成小鼠和非人靈長類動物模型的建立，將為后續(xù)研究提供關(guān)鍵支撐。
綜合來源：ChinaDaily微信公眾號，長江日報微信公眾號，中國科學院武漢病毒研究所官方網(wǎng)站，BBC
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