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新冠肺炎的病例開(kāi)始在全球多個(gè)國(guó)家持續(xù)增加，對(duì)于新冠病毒的研究也越來(lái)越深入。

澎湃新聞3月4日?qǐng)?bào)道，北京地壇醫(yī)院首次報(bào)告了新冠病毒攻擊中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的病例。

A Chinese doctor has warned the novel coronavirus can attack a person's central nervous system. It is the first case that proves the novel coronavirus can damage people's central nervous system, media reported Wednesday.

北京地壇醫(yī)院官方微博顯示，2月25日，56歲的許先生從地壇醫(yī)院出院。他是一名新冠肺炎危重型患者，同時(shí)合并腦炎。截止3月4日7時(shí)，地壇醫(yī)院累計(jì)收治新冠肺炎患者150人，許先生是唯一的新型冠狀病毒性肺炎并腦炎患者。
 


而此前針對(duì)SARS（嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征）、MERS（中東呼吸綜合征）的研究也均有顯示，引發(fā)這兩種疾病的冠狀病毒同樣有引起中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷的案例。

北京地壇醫(yī)院ICU主任劉景院參與了這名56歲患者的救治，他表示一旦患者出現(xiàn)意識(shí)障礙，醫(yī)生應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行腦脊液等相關(guān)檢查，從而進(jìn)一步降低危重病人的病死率。

Liu Jingyuan, dean of the ICU department of the Beijing Ditan Hospital and attending doctor of the 56-year-old patient, warned that doctors should check cerebrospinal fluid if patients suddenly slip in and out of consciousness, in order to lower the fatality rate of critical patients. The patient recovered and was discharged from hospital on February 25.

該患者于1月24日以新冠肺炎、危重型、呼吸衰竭收入院。治療數(shù)日后，醫(yī)生檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)患者出現(xiàn)頜面及口角頻繁抽搐等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂癥狀。

The patient was hospitalized one month earlier for respiratory failure. Doctors conducted gene sequencing on his cerebrospinal fluid as he showed symptoms of neurological disorder like twitching on the face after days of treatments.

北京地壇醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科、檢驗(yàn)科及中國(guó)疾控中心傳染病所聯(lián)合工作組經(jīng)過(guò)檢測(cè)檢查，最終臨床診斷病毒性腦炎。通過(guò)一系列針對(duì)病毒性腦炎的治療與護(hù)理，患者于2月25日康復(fù)出院。
 


3月3日，國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)發(fā)布了《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案（試行第七版）》，其中指出新冠病毒可能會(huì)對(duì)包括腦組織在內(nèi)的器官造成傷害。

China issued the seventh treatment guide for COVID-19 on Tuesday that includes results of autopsies, which clarifies that the novel coronavirus could damage various organs including brain tissue.



同時(shí)，針對(duì)新冠病毒是否變異的研究，也是目前學(xué)界的焦點(diǎn)。

日前，中國(guó)科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，新冠病毒演化出了兩個(gè)亞型。

The novel coronavirus has evolved into two major subtypes, a Chinese study has revealed. 

3月3日，中國(guó)科學(xué)院主辦的《國(guó)家科學(xué)評(píng)論》（National Science Review）發(fā)表題為《關(guān)于SARS-CoV-2的起源和持續(xù)進(jìn)化》的論文。 

The study, titled On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, was published on the National Science Review of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) on Tuesday (March 3).
 


論文通過(guò)對(duì)目前為止最大規(guī)模的103個(gè)新冠病毒全基因組分子進(jìn)化分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)病毒株已發(fā)生了149個(gè)突變點(diǎn)，而且多數(shù)是近期產(chǎn)生的。該研究揭示：新冠病毒已經(jīng)演化出L和S兩個(gè)亞型。其中101個(gè)屬于這兩個(gè)亞型。

By analyzing the genome-wide molecular evolution of 103 novel coronavirus samples, scientists found 101 samples that can be categorized into S-cov and L-cov based on 149 mutation spots on virus strains.

基因組數(shù)據(jù)表明，感染S型的比例占30%， L型的感染比例占70%。S型與蝙蝠來(lái)源的冠狀病毒在進(jìn)化樹(shù)上更接近，從而得出S型相對(duì)更古老的結(jié)論。L型在武漢爆發(fā)疫情的早期階段更為普遍。

The paper states that S type, accounting for 30 percent, is closer to the bat-related coronavirus and is relatively older, while the L type was more prevalent in the early stages of the outbreak in Wuhan.
 

（圖片來(lái)源：《每日郵報(bào)》繪制的示意圖）

人為干預(yù)可能對(duì)L亞型施加了更大的選擇性壓力，如果沒(méi)有這些干預(yù)，L亞型可能更具侵略性和擴(kuò)散得更快速。

Human intervention may have placed more severe selective pressure on the L type, which might be more aggressive and spread more quickly than the S type.

不過(guò)，論文作者也指出研究數(shù)據(jù)很有限。L型如何從S型演化而來(lái)，以及變異如何影響病毒傳播和發(fā)病機(jī)制，依然是未知數(shù)。

However, the authors highlighted the fact the data examined in the study is very limited. How L type strains evolved from S type, as well as how these mutations would affect the transmission and pathogenesis of the virus, are still unknown.

樣本顯示，大部分患者只感染了L亞型或S亞型中的一個(gè)。但其中一位近期有過(guò)武漢旅行史的63歲美國(guó)患者卻很有可能同時(shí)感染了L型和S型新冠病毒。不過(guò)，該論文作者表示目前還無(wú)法排除新突變型的可能性。

Scientists also found most patients caught either the L or S type of novel coronavirus strain. But there might be exceptions to the rule that should be followed with further research. For example, the study said a 63-year-old female patient in Chicago had likely contracted both L and S types of novel coronavirus strains when she traveled in Wuhan and returned to the United States on Jan 13.
 

（圖片來(lái)源：澎湃新聞）

另?yè)?jù)新華網(wǎng)報(bào)道，巴西研究人員對(duì)病毒基因測(cè)序的結(jié)果顯示，巴西兩個(gè)確診病例體內(nèi)的病毒有所不同。巴西阿道弗·盧茨研究所和圣保羅大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員對(duì)這兩個(gè)病例體內(nèi)的病毒進(jìn)行了基因測(cè)序，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)首個(gè)病例體內(nèi)的病毒與在德國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒更加相似，而第二個(gè)病例體內(nèi)的病毒則與在英國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒更加相似。二者與在中國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒也有所不同。據(jù)介紹，這兩名患者都是今年2月在意大利感染后回到巴西的。

綜合來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)，中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)，CGTN，環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)英文版網(wǎng)站，澎湃新聞，Daily Mail