1月31日，“助力基層疫情防控萬里行”活動在廣州啟動，中國工程院院士鐘南山現(xiàn)場解答了春節(jié)期間基層疫情防控的相關(guān)問題。
圖源：央視網(wǎng)
■ 當(dāng)前全球疫情形勢如何？
鐘南山表示，國際疫情形勢仍然居高不下，而且冬季在客觀上也不利于疫情防控。
現(xiàn)在有更多國家在接種疫苗，隨著疫苗接種增多，新冠患病情況將會改善。疫情形勢能否好轉(zhuǎn)，要看2月份和3月份。大約到3月份以后，我們將能看到全球疫情的走勢。
Global coronavirus infections may start to decrease in March with vaccinations and other active epidemic control measures being carried out, prominent respiratory disease expert Zhong Nanshan said on Sunday. Zhong said that while vaccination has been effective in controlling the epidemic and global infections are estimated to have stabilized, it is hard to predict future developments precisely.
1月27日，一名女士走過法國巴黎埃菲爾鐵塔附近的特羅卡德羅廣場。法國近三周來陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)感染變異新冠病毒病例，一些專家呼吁第三次“封城”。新華社記者 高靜 攝 圖源：新華網(wǎng)
■ 我國的疫情防控還面臨哪些挑戰(zhàn)？
鐘南山指出，當(dāng)前我國的疫情防控遇到了一些挑戰(zhàn)。從近期國內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的感染情況看，黑龍江、吉林、河北等地出現(xiàn)的感染案例主要在基層，基層群眾和醫(yī)務(wù)人員的疫情知識普及力度相對比較薄弱，檢測能力也比較薄弱。“為什么局部出現(xiàn)了集聚性的感染，說明我們在一定程度上放松了警惕，要好好總結(jié)。”
Zhong pointed out that the recent cases caused by the new variants in China pose a new challenge in its epidemic prevention and control efforts. As for the cluster outbreaks in North China's Hebei Province and Northeast China's Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, Zhong noted that the local transmission in these regions mainly occurred in rural areas due to the weak testing ability there and insufficient knowledge of epidemic prevention among grassroots-level people and medical workers.
1月19日，在河北省石家莊市黃莊公寓集中隔離場所工地，工人在整理準(zhǔn)備交付房屋的地面（無人機照片）。新華社記者 楊世堯 攝 圖源：新華網(wǎng)
■ 如何做好農(nóng)村地區(qū)的疫情防控？
鐘南山表示，現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村是疫情防控的重點。做好防控需聚焦三個關(guān)鍵詞：科普、培訓(xùn)、檢測。
視頻來源：央視網(wǎng)
春節(jié)在農(nóng)村提倡少串門，特別是少聚會。鐘南山還建議多采用移動采樣車，開到農(nóng)村居民的家門口進(jìn)行檢測，避免人員大量聚集。此外，農(nóng)村地區(qū)重點需要提高認(rèn)識，及時檢查。
As the Chinese Lunar New Year holidays approach, the senior epidemiologist encouraged people to stay home for the holidays and urged authorities to beef up epidemic control efforts in rural areas. Zhong says technologies such as mobile testing vehicles could play a key role in detecting and controlling the virus. He believes it's important for people from rural areas to keep up their guard against the virus.
1月15日，在黑龍江省綏化市望奎縣后三鄉(xiāng)廂白七村，志愿者在卡點前值班。新華社發(fā)（張濤 攝）圖源：新華網(wǎng)
■中國疫苗安全性和有效性如何？
鐘南山院士表示，中國疫苗安全性較高，產(chǎn)生抗體至少維持半年以上。疫苗臨床試驗有效性數(shù)據(jù)有差別，在于不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。中國疫苗從一開始打到目前7個月，快8個月了，抗體還維持在90%的水平。
鐘南山表示，疫苗最重要的還是安全性，全滅活疫苗的安全性可靠性比較高。輕癥的一般副反應(yīng)是十萬分之六，就是打完有些發(fā)燒，胳膊有些疼，重癥的是百萬分之一，平常打流感疫苗也有百萬分之三。打所有的疫苗都會有不良反應(yīng)，100%沒反應(yīng)是不可能的。國藥和科興這兩款中國疫苗，已經(jīng)在全國接種了2000多萬人次。
Over 20 million doses of coronavirus vaccines have been administered in China. The two Chinese vaccines are very safe, with side effects occurring in only six out of 100,000 people vaccinated. One in 1 million people vaccinated developed serious side effects, which was a lower rate than for flu vaccines, he said.
視頻來源：央視網(wǎng)
■ 注射了新冠疫苗還用戴口罩嗎？
鐘南山表示，注射了新冠疫苗后，還要繼續(xù)佩戴口罩。一般情況下，注射完第一劑后便會出現(xiàn)抗體，保護(hù)水平大約為60%至70%；第二劑注射完14天后，保護(hù)水平能達(dá)到近90%。疫苗打完約兩至三周后才有抗體，在注射疫苗和產(chǎn)生抗體的間隙，仍有感染風(fēng)險，要注意個人防護(hù)。
Even after vaccination, people are still advised to wear masks at the moment, he said. People usually gain 60 percent to 70 percent protection after the first shot of the vaccine and about 90 percent after the second shot. It takes at least two to three weeks for the production of antibodies after the first shot and another two weeks to see an obvious protective effect.
1月31日拍攝的北京市海淀區(qū)北太平莊街道臨時新冠疫苗接種點第二劑新冠疫苗接種現(xiàn)場。新華社記者 任超 攝 圖源：新華網(wǎng)
■病毒變異導(dǎo)致傳染性變強嗎？
鐘南山表示，現(xiàn)在病毒最關(guān)鍵的突變，是發(fā)生在刺突蛋白的受體結(jié)合部位，這容易使得病毒感染人的門打得更開一些，使得病毒容易侵入機體致病，這是新冠病毒傳染性變得更強的原因。所以一方面要追蹤變異的病毒，另外也要考慮病毒變異后，采用什么樣的病毒株來做疫苗。
Now, a most critical mutation of the virus is occurring in the receptor-binding site of the spike protein, which explains why the novel coronavirus has become more infectious, he said, noting that it is also important to consider which strain of the virus to be used as a vaccine if the virus mutates, he said.
綜合來源：新華網(wǎng)，中國日報網(wǎng)，環(huán)球時報英文版網(wǎng)站，央視新聞
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