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人體器官移植手術(shù)已經(jīng)不是新鮮事兒了，但如果把豬心臟移植到人體呢？當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間10日，美國(guó)馬里蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心發(fā)布消息：醫(yī)學(xué)專家已為一名美國(guó)男性心臟病人成功進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)特殊的移植手術(shù)，將經(jīng)基因改造的豬的心臟移植入其體內(nèi)，屬全球首例。


A 57-year-old Maryland man is doing well three days after receiving a genetically modified pig heart in a first-of-its-kind transplant surgery, University of Maryland Medicine said in a news release Monday.

據(jù)馬里蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心介紹，現(xiàn)年57歲的戴維•貝內(nèi)特是一位心臟病晚期患者。當(dāng)時(shí)的情況已經(jīng)不適合進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)的心臟移植手術(shù)或人工心臟泵手術(shù)，而豬心臟“成了目前唯一的選擇”。

The patient, David Bennett, had terminal heart disease, and the pig heart was "the only currently available option," according to the release. Bennett was deemed ineligible for a conventional heart transplant or an artificial heart pump after reviews of his medical records.

貝內(nèi)特在手術(shù)前曾表示，“要么接受死亡，要么接受移植。我想要活下去，也知道這很冒險(xiǎn)，但這是我最后的機(jī)會(huì)。”

"It was either die or do this transplant. I want to live. I know it's a shot in the dark, but it's my last choice," Bennett said before the surgery, according to the release.

去年的12月31日，美國(guó)食品藥監(jiān)局給這次手術(shù)做了緊急授權(quán)。

The US Food and Drug Administration granted emergency authorization for the surgery on December 31.

該中心的報(bào)告還顯示，移植手術(shù)中使用的豬器官已經(jīng)過(guò)基因改造，其中包括“敲除”會(huì)引起人類排異反應(yīng)的3個(gè)基因，以及一個(gè)特定的基因以預(yù)防移植入人體的豬心臟組織過(guò)度成長(zhǎng)。另外，還向豬染色體植入6種有助于人體接受異種器官的人類基因。

Three genes—responsible for rapid antibody-mediated rejection of pig organs by humans—were "knocked out" in the donor pig. One additional gene in the pig was knocked out to prevent excessive growth of the pig heart tissue. Six human genes responsible for immune acceptance were inserted.
 


該中心表示，這項(xiàng)移植手術(shù)首次展示了一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)基因改造的動(dòng)物心臟移植入人體后，能像人的心臟一樣發(fā)揮作用，并且身體不會(huì)馬上對(duì)這個(gè)動(dòng)物心臟產(chǎn)生排異反應(yīng)。

This organ transplant demonstrated for the first time that a genetically-modified animal heart can function like a human heart without immediate rejection by the body.

手術(shù)醫(yī)師巴特利•格里菲斯說(shuō)：“這是一次突破性的手術(shù)，讓我們距離解決器官短缺問(wèn)題更近一步。比起受捐者而言，捐獻(xiàn)的器官遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足。”

"This was a breakthrough surgery and brings us one step closer to solving the organ shortage crisis. There are simply not enough donor human hearts available to meet the long list of potential recipients," said Bartley Griffith, who surgically transplanted the pig heart into the patient.

貝內(nèi)特目前情況良好，他還將繼續(xù)留觀數(shù)日，才能判斷出這個(gè)手術(shù)是否真的對(duì)挽救生命起到了作用。

Bennett, a Maryland resident, is being carefully monitored over the next days and weeks to determine whether the transplant provides lifesaving benefits, said the UMMC.

路透社等外媒紛紛報(bào)道這則有突破意義的手術(shù)，這類手術(shù)的第一次成功可能產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。







不過(guò)也有媒體指出，類似手術(shù)可能存在倫理道德等方面的考量，比如在實(shí)際操作層面存在的排異風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)以及宗教信仰等問(wèn)題。

The surgery is being hailed by many as a medical breakthrough that could shorten transplant waiting times and change the lives of patients around the world. But some are questioning if the procedure can be ethically justified.
 



有的網(wǎng)友感嘆科技進(jìn)步，可以拯救更多的人
 


 
還有的網(wǎng)友抖起了機(jī)靈……
 

根據(jù)美國(guó)政府部門數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在大約有11萬(wàn)美國(guó)人在等待器官移植，而每年有超過(guò)6000人沒(méi)有等到合適的移植器官就去世了。

About 110,000 Americans are currently waiting for an organ transplant, and more than 6,000 patients die each year before getting one, according to the U.S. government data.

為應(yīng)對(duì)人體器官供應(yīng)源短缺，醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員長(zhǎng)期致力于研究異種器官移植。豬的器官組織結(jié)構(gòu)、生理功能和大小與人體器官相近，被視為異種器官移植最佳供體動(dòng)物之一，先前一些移植手術(shù)就用到了豬的眼角膜、心臟瓣膜等。去年10月，美國(guó)一家醫(yī)院把一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)基因改造的豬腎移植給一名腦死亡患者，手術(shù)沒(méi)有立即引起排異反應(yīng)。術(shù)后3天，患者生命支持設(shè)備按預(yù)定日期去除。

據(jù)《中國(guó)科學(xué)報(bào)》報(bào)道，目前，器官移植已經(jīng)被社會(huì)普遍接受，它是解決很多終末期器官功能衰竭問(wèn)題非常有效的手段，使成千上萬(wàn)生命垂危的病人擺脫了死亡陰影，并得以延續(xù)生命。這臺(tái)手術(shù)是現(xiàn)代再生醫(yī)學(xué)和基因工程學(xué)的勝利，為異種器官移植帶來(lái)曙光。此外，專家表示，手術(shù)最大的“門檻”是倫理學(xué)障礙，以及知情同意前提下的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)的尋找和征集。

綜合來(lái)源：新華社，CNN，UMMS，中國(guó)科學(xué)報(bào)