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隨著奧密克戎病毒致病性的減弱、疫苗接種的普及、防控經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累，我國疫情防控面臨新形勢新任務(wù)。當(dāng)前奧密克戎變異株傳播性強(qiáng)嗎？導(dǎo)致的重癥率高嗎？
 

近日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制組織呼吸危重癥專家、首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京朝陽醫(yī)院副院長、北京市呼吸疾病研究所所長童朝暉接受央視新聞采訪時(shí)作出專業(yè)解答。
 

奧密克戎變異株傳播性較強(qiáng)

致病力和毒力較原始株明顯減弱
 

童朝暉表示，國際和國內(nèi)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)，奧密克戎變異株及其進(jìn)化分支的致病力和毒力相比原始株和德爾塔等變異株明顯減弱。

視頻來源：央視網(wǎng)
 

童朝暉表示，隨著病毒變異，以及疫苗接種的普及、防控經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累，奧密克戎導(dǎo)致的住院率、重癥率、病死率都在大幅降低。從當(dāng)前全國病例來看，感染奧密克戎后以上呼吸道癥狀為主，主要表現(xiàn)為嗓子不舒服、咳嗽等。無癥狀和輕型大約占了90%以上，普通型（出現(xiàn)肺炎癥狀）已經(jīng)不多，重癥（需要高流量氧療或接受無創(chuàng)、有創(chuàng)通氣）的比例更小。

With the weakening pathogenicity of the Omicron variant, the increasing uptake of vaccinations, and the growing experience of outbreak control and prevention, the rates of hospitalization, severe illness or fatality from Omicron have been significantly reduced, Tong Zhaohui, vice-president of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital said.

"The Omicron variant mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, causing mild symptoms like sore throat and coughing," Tong said . According to him, in the ongoing outbreak in China, mild and asymptomatic cases accounted for 90 percent of the total infections, and there were fewer moderate cases (showing pneumonia-like symptoms). The proportion of severe cases (requiring high-flow oxygen therapy or receiving noninvasive, invasive ventilation) was even smaller.

這與武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)期間新冠病毒原始株導(dǎo)致的癥狀有很大不同。當(dāng)時(shí)，重癥患者較多，一些青壯年患者的雙肺也會呈白色，出現(xiàn)急性呼吸衰竭。但本輪疫情期間，從北京的定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院救治情況看，真正因新冠肺炎導(dǎo)致要插管上呼吸機(jī)的患者只有少數(shù)幾例。

"This is quite different from the situation in Wuhan (in late 2019), where the original strain caused the outbreak. At that time, there were more severe patients, with some young patients also presenting "white lungs" and suffering acute respiratory failure. While the current round of outbreak in Beijing shows only a few severe cases need ventilators to provide respiratory support in designated hospitals," Tong said.
 

童朝暉表示，與2009年全球流感流行時(shí)期相比，目前奧密克戎變異株導(dǎo)致肺炎或者重癥、危重癥的比例相對較低。

Compared with the 2009 global flu season, the current severe case ratio amid COVID-19 is relatively lower.
 

童朝暉介紹，高齡老人，有心腦血管疾病、慢性呼吸道疾病等基礎(chǔ)病的患者，正在進(jìn)行放化療的腫瘤患者，妊娠晚期孕婦等，免疫力較低，可歸納為脆弱群體。從目前救治情況看，他們感染新冠病毒后住進(jìn)定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院，大多數(shù)是因?yàn)樵l(fā)疾病，但又因核酸陽性無法住進(jìn)普通醫(yī)院。這類患者的新冠肺炎癥狀不明顯，治療通常沒有太大區(qū)別。對于CT影像等臨床表現(xiàn)為典型新冠肺炎的少數(shù)患者，醫(yī)務(wù)人員嚴(yán)格按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，進(jìn)行救治。

"Vulnerable groups like seniors with chronic conditions, cancer patients under chemoradiotherapy, and pregnant women during the third trimester usually don't need special treatment as they show no apparent symptoms after being infected with the novel coronavirus. The medical staff will perform the treatment strictly by standards and norms only for those showing symptoms or who have abnormal lung CT scan findings," he said.

在北京的定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院，對于部分有基礎(chǔ)病的高齡患者，還會組織多學(xué)科專家進(jìn)行會診。經(jīng)過治療，如果患者的核酸檢測已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)陰，也將逐步從定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院分流到其他醫(yī)院。

"For the elderly patients with underlying diseases, the designated hospitals will arrange multidisciplinary consultation to provide them with professional treatment. If their nucleic acid test turns negative after the treatment, they will be transferred from designated hospitals to other hospitals," Tong added.
 

擴(kuò)展閱讀：

多地優(yōu)化完善防控措施
 

據(jù)中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)報(bào)道，近來國內(nèi)越來越多的城市調(diào)整了疫情防控措施，促進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，恢復(fù)社會活動(dòng)，并呼吁個(gè)人防護(hù)不松懈，做自己健康的第一責(zé)任人。

More Chinese cities have adjusted their COVID-19 measures to facilitate people resuming work and social activities, as members of the public are being asked to take greater responsibility to protect their own health.
 

2022年12月6日起，北京市核酸檢測查驗(yàn)實(shí)行以下措施：進(jìn)入商超、商務(wù)樓宇及各類公共場所，可不查驗(yàn)核酸檢測陰性證明，掃碼進(jìn)入即可。進(jìn)入社區(qū)（村），不查驗(yàn)核酸檢測陰性證明，常住居民可不掃碼。

Beijing will no longer require people to show their negative nucleic acid testing results before entering public places such as supermarkets, shopping malls and office buildings starting Tuesday, according to the city government. People only need to scan their health codes before entering those public places.

進(jìn)入網(wǎng)吧、酒吧、棋牌室、KTV、劇本殺、桑拿洗浴等密閉場所以及餐飲（堂食）、室內(nèi)健身等場所，須掃碼并查驗(yàn)48小時(shí)核酸檢測陰性證明。進(jìn)入養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)、兒童福利機(jī)構(gòu)、幼兒園和中小學(xué)及醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)住院部等場所，須掃碼并查驗(yàn)48小時(shí)核酸檢測陰性證明。

Some indoor places such as internet cafes, bars, karaoke rooms and certain institutions such as nursing homes, welfare homes, kindergartens and schools will still require the visitors to show negative nucleic acid testing results before entering. 

重要單位和重大活動(dòng)可根據(jù)需要，確定核酸檢測查驗(yàn)措施。各區(qū)繼續(xù)提供社會面免費(fèi)核酸檢測服務(wù)并不斷優(yōu)化布局，方便滿足群眾愿檢盡檢需求和防疫工作需要。

倡導(dǎo)市民做好個(gè)人防護(hù)，戴好口罩、接種疫苗、減少不必要的聚集。

The announcement said all the districts should continue to provide and improve the nucleic acid tests service for the public. It has also reminded the public to wear masks and reduce gathering.

據(jù)《北京青年報(bào)》記者梳理統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至6日，全國至少已有48個(gè)城市除養(yǎng)老院、醫(yī)院等特殊場所，其他公共場所均不再查驗(yàn)核酸檢測陰性證明，有一些城市各類公共場所、公共交通工具都不再查驗(yàn)核酸證明。另有省市宣布不再開展常態(tài)化核酸檢測。

綜合來源：新華網(wǎng)，央視新聞，中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)，北京青年報(bào)