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當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月10日，美國(guó)硅谷銀行因資不抵債遭金融監(jiān)管部門(mén)關(guān)閉。硅谷銀行倒閉兩天后，美國(guó)又一家銀行12日被監(jiān)管部門(mén)關(guān)閉。連續(xù)“暴雷”，給美國(guó)銀行業(yè)蒙上一層陰影。

面對(duì)公眾及市場(chǎng)擔(dān)憂，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)拜登于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間13日發(fā)表講話，強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)銀行系統(tǒng)仍然“安全”。

U.S President Joe Biden on Monday underscored that the American banking system remains safe.

 

他表示，那些對(duì)當(dāng)前“爛攤子”應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人將被追責(zé)，政府方面將繼續(xù)“強(qiáng)化對(duì)較大銀行的監(jiān)管，使我們不會(huì)再次陷入這種境地”。

"I am firmly committed to holding those responsible for this mess fully accountable and to continuing our efforts to strengthen oversight and regulation of larger banks so that we are not in this position again."

 

48小時(shí)發(fā)生了什么？

 

美國(guó)加利福尼亞州金融保護(hù)和創(chuàng)新部10日以“流動(dòng)性不足和資不抵債”為由，關(guān)閉硅谷銀行，并指定美國(guó)聯(lián)邦存款保險(xiǎn)公司為接管方。硅谷銀行成立于1983年，為全美第16大銀行，主要為初創(chuàng)企業(yè)提供融資。這是自2008年金融危機(jī)以來(lái)美國(guó)破產(chǎn)的最大銀行。

Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the 16th largest bank in the United States, was closed on Friday by regulators, according to the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The SVB's failure is the largest bank failure since the collapse of U.S. savings and loan association Washington Mutual in 2008, The Associated Press reported.
 

根據(jù)美媒的報(bào)道，硅谷銀行在短短48小時(shí)內(nèi)“垮掉”，引發(fā)“閃崩”的一系列事件尤為引人關(guān)注。
 

CNN稱這也是多重因素疊加導(dǎo)致。

Several forces collided to take down the banker.
 

前幾年，美國(guó)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)吸引大量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，加上美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)維持超低利率，硅谷銀行賺得盆滿缽滿。然而，為應(yīng)對(duì)高位通貨膨脹，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)去年以來(lái)多次激進(jìn)加息，硅谷銀行遭受重創(chuàng)。與此同時(shí)，近期美國(guó)技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)大幅裁員、技術(shù)股承受打擊、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資減少，導(dǎo)致初創(chuàng)企業(yè)紛紛取走存款，硅谷銀行立馬左支右絀。

First, there was the Federal Reserve, which began raising interest rates a year ago to tame inflation. The Fed moved aggressively. At the same time, venture capital began drying up, forcing startups to draw down funds held by SVB.
 

為了迅速籌集資金，本月8日，硅谷銀行母公司硅谷銀行金融集團(tuán)出售約210億美元的證券組合資產(chǎn)，并因此虧損約18億美元。此后，這家銀行嘗試出售總額達(dá)22.5億美元股票融資，導(dǎo)致股價(jià)9日暴跌超過(guò)60%，10日被迫停止交易。同時(shí)，這也引發(fā)市場(chǎng)上風(fēng)投公司的恐慌，報(bào)道稱有建議讓這些公司從銀行取款。

On Wednesday, SVB announced it had sold a bunch of securities at a loss. That triggered a panic among key venture capital firms, who reportedly advised companies to withdraw their money from the bank. The bank’s stock began plummeting Thursday morning.
 

 

CNN稱，簡(jiǎn)而言之，硅谷銀行遭遇了典型的擠兌情況。

In short, SVB encountered a classic run on the bank.
 

*擠兌：bank run。指的是因銀行信用度下降、傳聞破產(chǎn)等原因，大量?jī)?chǔ)戶因恐慌涌向銀行提取現(xiàn)金，從而導(dǎo)致銀行破產(chǎn)。也可說(shuō)a run on the bank。

 

硅谷銀行金融集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官格雷格·貝克爾10日在給員工的一段視頻留言中承認(rèn)，“難以置信的艱難48小時(shí)”導(dǎo)致硅谷銀行倒閉。“我無(wú)法想象你們?cè)谙胄┦裁?，你們的工作，你們的未?lái)。”他說(shuō)自己發(fā)送這段信息時(shí)，心情沉重。

Greg Becker, the chief executive of SVB Financial Group (SIVB.O) , sent a video message to employees acknowledging the "incredibly difficult" 48 hours leading up to the collapse of its Silicon Valley Bank on Friday. "It's with an incredibly heavy heart that I'm here to deliver this message," he said in a video seen by Reuters. "I can't imagine what was going through your head and wondering, you know, about your job, your future."
 

CNN援引專家分析稱，盡管華爾街有些陣痛，但是硅谷銀行的垮掉，似乎不會(huì)引發(fā)此前金融危機(jī)中銀行業(yè)受到?jīng)_擊的“多米諾效應(yīng)”。

Despite initial panic on Wall Street, analysts said SVB’s collapse is unlikely to set off the kind of domino effect that gripped the banking industry during the financial crisis.
 

此外，美國(guó)紐約州金融服務(wù)局12日宣布，依據(jù)州銀行法，接管“簽名銀行”，并指定美國(guó)聯(lián)邦存款保險(xiǎn)公司為這家銀行的接收方。CNN稱，目前另有幾家銀行也面臨相似的命運(yùn)。

All the while, a second bank was on the brink of failure – Signature Bank would be seized by state regulators on Sunday afternoon – and several others appeared headed for a similar fate.
 

美聯(lián)社則報(bào)道稱，美國(guó)政府正采取措施，阻止?jié)撛诘你y行業(yè)危機(jī)。

美聯(lián)社報(bào)道稱，硅谷銀行“歷史性”的垮掉后，美國(guó)政府12日采取“非常措施”，確保該銀行的所有儲(chǔ)戶都能盡快拿回全部財(cái)產(chǎn)。

The U.S. government took extraordinary steps Sunday to stop a potential banking crisis after the historic failure of Silicon Valley Bank, assuring all depositors at the failed institution that they could access all their money quickly.
 

美媒報(bào)道則顯示，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間13日，硅谷銀行重開(kāi)，客戶在網(wǎng)點(diǎn)門(mén)前排隊(duì)等待取款。

綜合來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)，美聯(lián)社，CNN