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中國(guó)民用航空局3月20日發(fā)布《關(guān)于“3·21”東航MU5735航空器飛行事故調(diào)查進(jìn)展情況的通報(bào)》。通報(bào)顯示，由于本起事故非常復(fù)雜、極為罕見，調(diào)查還在持續(xù)深入進(jìn)行中。

The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said Monday that its investigation into flight MU5735 that crashed a year ago is still in progress as the case is "very complex and extremely rare."
 

通報(bào)說，2022年3月21日，東方航空云南有限公司波音737-800型客機(jī)（注冊(cè)號(hào)B-1791），執(zhí)行MU5735昆明長(zhǎng)水機(jī)場(chǎng)至廣州白云機(jī)場(chǎng)國(guó)內(nèi)定期客運(yùn)航班。13時(shí)16分飛機(jī)從昆明長(zhǎng)水機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛，64分鐘后偏離巡航高度8900米快速下降，墜毀于廣西壯族自治區(qū)梧州市藤縣埌南鎮(zhèn)莫埌村附近。機(jī)上123名旅客、9名機(jī)組成員全部遇難。

The China Eastern Airlines Boeing 737 aircraft, which departed from Kunming in Yunnan province bound for Guangzhou in Guangdong province, crashed into a mountainous area near the village of Molang in Tengxian, in the county of Wuzhou, in South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region on March 21, 2022. All 123 passengers and nine crew members died in the crash.
 

中國(guó)民用航空局依據(jù)中國(guó)民航規(guī)章《民用航空器事件技術(shù)調(diào)查規(guī)定》（CCAR-395）和《國(guó)際民用航空公約》附件13《航空器事故和事故征候調(diào)查》的有關(guān)規(guī)定，會(huì)同有關(guān)部門對(duì)事故開展了深入、細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)募夹g(shù)調(diào)查工作。

In the past year, the CAAC has strictly followed related regulations and conducted an in-depth, meticulous and rigorous investigation into the accident along with related departments.
 

一年來，技術(shù)調(diào)查組對(duì)飛機(jī)殘骸進(jìn)行詳細(xì)檢查，確定墜地前飛機(jī)關(guān)鍵操縱部件可能的工作狀態(tài)，對(duì)100余件重要?dú)埡∵M(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，分析損壞原因；對(duì)機(jī)組成員的資質(zhì)能力、航班運(yùn)行、飛機(jī)適航維修、航空公司組織管理等情況開展調(diào)查；對(duì)空中交通管制服務(wù)，機(jī)場(chǎng)地面保障，旅客、行李、貨郵的安檢和裝載，危險(xiǎn)品載運(yùn)等情況開展調(diào)查；結(jié)合相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)飛機(jī)最后階段飛行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行分析，使用飛行模擬機(jī)和真機(jī)開展模擬驗(yàn)證。

Over the past year, the technical investigation team conducted a detailed inspection of the aircraft wreckage to determine the possible working state of the aircraft's key control components before the crash, and carried out experiments on more than 100 important pieces of debris to analyze the causes of damage. The team also carried out inspections into the qualifications and abilities of crew members, flight operation, airworthiness maintenance of aircraft, as well as the airline company's management. Other investigations have also been carried out including air traffic control services, airport ground support, and the security check of passengers, luggage and cargoes. Combined with the relevant data, the flight state of the aircraft in the final stage was analyzed, and the flight simulator and real aircraft were used for simulation and verification.
 

截至目前，技術(shù)調(diào)查組開展了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘查、資料檢查、人員訪談、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析等大量工作，但由于本起事故非常復(fù)雜、極為罕見，調(diào)查還在持續(xù)深入進(jìn)行中。后續(xù)，技術(shù)調(diào)查組將在前期工作基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)開展原因分析及實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證等工作，并根據(jù)調(diào)查進(jìn)展情況及時(shí)發(fā)布相關(guān)信息。

However, due to the complexity of the accident, investigation work must continue. The investigation team will continue to carry out cause analysis and experimental verification based on the previous work, and timely release relevant information according to the progress of the investigation, the administration said.

 

相關(guān)通報(bào)引發(fā)公眾廣泛關(guān)注，新華社記者就相關(guān)問題采訪了南京航空航天大學(xué)民航學(xué)院副院長(zhǎng)邵荃和中航技進(jìn)出口有限責(zé)任公司客戶服務(wù)部訓(xùn)練與飛安辦主任高俊，以下為采訪節(jié)選：

 

為何在此時(shí)發(fā)布此次調(diào)查進(jìn)展情況通報(bào)

南京航空航天大學(xué)民航學(xué)院副院長(zhǎng)邵荃：

運(yùn)輸航空事故往往社會(huì)影響大，公眾關(guān)注度高。在事發(fā)周年向公眾披露有關(guān)調(diào)查進(jìn)展信息是國(guó)際民航業(yè)界的通行要求和做法。

一般來說，大型運(yùn)輸航空事故調(diào)查的周期往往都超過一年，這主要是由于調(diào)查所面臨的技術(shù)復(fù)雜性和不確定性，很多技術(shù)疑點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)都需要反復(fù)論證，一些關(guān)鍵結(jié)論還需要得到工程實(shí)驗(yàn)的驗(yàn)證支撐，這都要耗費(fèi)大量時(shí)間。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，過去30年全球民航所發(fā)生的千余起商業(yè)航空事故中，在一年內(nèi)發(fā)布最終報(bào)告的僅占25%。因此，國(guó)際民航組織對(duì)于航空器事故調(diào)查報(bào)告的公布時(shí)限做出了原則性和靈活性相結(jié)合的制度安排，我國(guó)民航規(guī)章在這方面與國(guó)際規(guī)則保持了一致性。

從歷史上看，法航AF447、埃塞航B737MAX等事故在該階段都發(fā)布過中期報(bào)告或中期聲明，對(duì)調(diào)查進(jìn)展情況進(jìn)行介紹，回應(yīng)遇難者家屬及社會(huì)關(guān)切。

Disclosing information on the progress of an investigation to the public at the one-year mark is a common practice and requirement in the international civil aviation industry, Shao Quan, a professor at the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, told Xinhua.

Investigations into large aircraft crashes generally last more than a year as they face technical complexities and uncertainties, and many doubts and technical difficulties need to be repeatedly scrutinized, which is time-consuming, Shao said, explaining why the investigation is not yet complete.

Over the past 30 years, only 25 percent of civil aviation aircraft accident investigations in the world published final reports within a year, Shao added.
 

如何理解“本起事故非常復(fù)雜、極為罕見”

中航技進(jìn)出口有限責(zé)任公司客戶服務(wù)部訓(xùn)練與飛安辦主任高俊：

航空器事故調(diào)查是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，通常需要從人員資質(zhì)及操作、航空器適航狀態(tài)、天氣環(huán)境、地面保障、空管指揮、公司組織管理等多方面開展全面深入的調(diào)查。

從目前了解的情況看，此次事故與以往存在很大差異。飛機(jī)高速墜地后幾乎完全解體，殘骸瑣碎且分布較散，這都極大增加了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)搜尋勘查和殘骸取證工作的難度。按照事故調(diào)查程序，調(diào)查組需要對(duì)所有尋獲的殘骸進(jìn)行辨識(shí)，對(duì)重要?dú)埡∵M(jìn)行詳細(xì)檢查和實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，以便確定失效機(jī)理和最后階段的工作狀態(tài)，為后續(xù)調(diào)查分析提供證據(jù)，這些都是非常復(fù)雜專業(yè)的工作。還有通報(bào)中所提及的對(duì)飛機(jī)適航維修等情況開展調(diào)查，一般來講，這個(gè)調(diào)查工作量也很大，需要調(diào)查飛機(jī)全生命周期的適航維修情況，如航線和定檢、各類修理改裝、適航指令及服務(wù)通告執(zhí)行等工作記錄，涉及的資料可能達(dá)成千上萬份，需要耗費(fèi)大量人力和時(shí)間，這些都反映出本次調(diào)查工作的技術(shù)復(fù)雜性。當(dāng)然，除了殘骸分析驗(yàn)證和飛機(jī)適航維修調(diào)查，事故調(diào)查涉及的其他方方面面同樣紛繁復(fù)雜，都需要調(diào)查組嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致、客觀深入地開展工作，確保最終調(diào)查結(jié)論經(jīng)得起歷史檢驗(yàn)。

Gao Jun, an official of the China National Aero-Technology Import and Export Corporation, said that investigations into aircraft crashes are complex processes, which usually require inspections of the qualifications and abilities of crew members, their operations, the airworthiness status of aircraft, weather conditions and airline management, among others.

Judging from what we currently know, the case is quite different from any seen in the past, as the aircraft almost completely disintegrated after falling to the ground at a high speed and the wreckage was scattered, which greatly increased the difficulty of on-site search and remains collection work and added to technical complexities, Gao said.

綜合來源：新華網(wǎng)，中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)，民航局網(wǎng)站