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近日，美國(guó)各地出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的嬰兒配方奶粉短缺問(wèn)題。5月22日，紐約市宣布因嬰幼兒配方奶粉短缺進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。同日，美國(guó)空軍運(yùn)輸機(jī)從歐洲運(yùn)來(lái)的首批嬰幼兒配方奶粉運(yùn)抵美國(guó)。

5月13日，在美國(guó)弗吉尼亞州，一家超市的嬰幼兒配方奶粉貨架出現(xiàn)大面積缺貨。新華社記者劉杰攝

奶粉在美國(guó)“一罐難求”

價(jià)格飆升，庫(kù)存奇缺，美國(guó)“奶粉荒”持續(xù)發(fā)酵。不少美國(guó)家長(zhǎng)因?yàn)橘I(mǎi)不到配方奶粉感到十分焦慮，甚至有的家長(zhǎng)為了給孩子搶一罐奶粉，在超市里與人吵得不可開(kāi)交。還有一名家長(zhǎng)在社交媒體上發(fā)布了因搶購(gòu)奶粉在超市與人發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的視頻。

圖源：央視網(wǎng)

美國(guó)一對(duì)新生兒父母近日接受CNN采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示，由于孩子的母親長(zhǎng)期服用藥物，所以不能用母乳喂養(yǎng)孩子，嬰兒配方奶粉短缺的情況讓他們感到恐慌。

圖源：CNN

“（生完孩子）回家正是該慶祝的時(shí)候，可我們?cè)趹c祝的同時(shí)，也感到恐慌，這確實(shí)不是一個(gè)理想的狀況，可以說(shuō)是糟透了。”
“We came home and it's supposed to be a time of celebration, you know, and it's just -- and it has been, but it's still celebration/panic. And that's kind of not really the ideal situation you want to bring it, you know, a newborn into is that the way of chaos.”

據(jù)CNN援引零售軟件公司Datasembly數(shù)據(jù)稱(chēng)，在2021年上半年，全美嬰兒配方奶粉的缺貨率徘徊在2%至8%之間，但從去年7月開(kāi)始，這一數(shù)據(jù)急劇上升，到了2021年11月至2022年4月初，全美配方奶粉的缺貨率已躍升至31%。

而在4月份的短短后三周內(nèi)，嬰兒配方奶粉缺貨率再次上升了9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，目前為40%。一些州短缺情況更嚴(yán)重，據(jù)Datasembly表示，在艾奧瓦州、南達(dá)科他州、北達(dá)科他州、密蘇里州、得克薩斯州和田納西州，從4月24日開(kāi)始的一周內(nèi)，超過(guò)一半的嬰兒配方奶粉全部售罄。

CNN稱(chēng)，截至4月初，有7個(gè)州40-50%的嬰兒配方奶粉缺貨，但目前，有26個(gè)州正面臨供應(yīng)困難問(wèn)題。

The out-of-stock rate for baby formula hovered between 2% and 8% in the first half of 2021, but began rising sharply last July. Between November 2021 and early April 2022, the out-of-stock rate jumped to 31%, data from Datasembly showed.

That rate increased another 9 percentage points in just three weeks in April, and now stands at 40%, the statistics show. In six states — Iowa, South Dakota, North Dakota, Missouri, Texas and Tennessee — more than half of baby formula was completely sold out during the week starting April 24, Datasembly said.

And although seven states had between 40-50% of baby formula products out of stock as of early April, 26 states are now struggling with supply.

今年2月，美國(guó)最大奶粉供應(yīng)商雅培公司因產(chǎn)品安全問(wèn)題召回?cái)?shù)款嬰幼兒配方奶粉、涉事工廠(chǎng)停產(chǎn)，令“奶粉荒”雪上加霜。

5月13日，在美國(guó)加利福尼亞州羅斯米德，一名女子沖泡嬰幼兒配方奶粉。新華社發(fā)（曾慧攝）

The shortage has been exacerbated by the Food and Drug Administration’s shutdown of an Abbott Nutrition facility in Sturgis, Michigan. Abbott is a major producer of baby formula.

In February, the US Food and Drug Administration recalled three brands of powdered baby formulas made by the company due to potential bacterial infections, including Salmonella. 

拜登授權(quán)用軍機(jī)運(yùn)輸奶粉

據(jù)CNBC報(bào)道，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間5月18日，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)拜登宣布啟動(dòng)《國(guó)防生產(chǎn)法》以加快嬰兒配方奶粉的生產(chǎn)，解決其目前存在的短缺問(wèn)題。

圖源：CNBC報(bào)道截圖

據(jù)報(bào)道，此舉意味著聯(lián)邦政府可以迫使下游廠(chǎng)商優(yōu)先生產(chǎn)嬰兒配方奶粉所需的原材料。此外，拜登還啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，可以動(dòng)用軍用飛機(jī)來(lái)運(yùn)輸其他國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的嬰兒配方奶粉。

The Defense Production Act gives the US president broad authority to require companies to prioritize the manufacture and allocation of goods in response to a crisis. 

Biden has also directed the Health and Human Services Department and Department of Agriculture to use aircraft from the Defense Department to pick up infant formula from overseas that meets U.S. health and safety standards.

NBC報(bào)道稱(chēng)，5月22日，美國(guó)空軍運(yùn)輸機(jī)從歐洲運(yùn)來(lái)的首批嬰幼兒配方奶粉運(yùn)抵美國(guó)。

圖源：NBC報(bào)道截圖

美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)托馬斯·維爾薩克表示這批奶粉面向部分兒童，即那些攝入常規(guī)配方奶粉會(huì)出現(xiàn)過(guò)敏癥狀的兒童，且只夠9000名嬰兒和1.8萬(wàn)名幼兒喝一周。

US Agriculture Secretary Thomas Vilsack greeted the arrival of a military aircraft carrying about 78,000 pounds of formula flown in from Germany in what the government has dubbed Operation Fly Formula. 

This shipment contains specialized formula for children with allergies who can't take regular formula, and there's enough to provide for 9,000 babies and 18,000 toddlers for one week, Vilsack told reporters in Indianapolis after the plane landed.

紐約市進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間22日，美國(guó)紐約市市長(zhǎng)埃里克·亞當(dāng)斯簽署緊急行政令，宣布該市因嬰兒配方奶粉供應(yīng)短缺而進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。

圖源：紐約市政府官網(wǎng)截圖

該行政令援引紐約地方法規(guī)，要求紐約市的嬰兒配方奶粉銷(xiāo)售價(jià)格保持穩(wěn)定，并授權(quán)該市消費(fèi)者保護(hù)部門(mén)防止市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)炒高奶粉價(jià)格的欺詐行為。

New York City, the most populous city in the United States, has entered into a state of emergency due to the shortage of infant formula supply in the country.

Eric Adams, the mayor, signed an emergency executive order on Sunday empowering the city's Department of Consumer and Worker Protection to prevent price gouging for infant formula.

The emergency executive order will help authorities to crack down on any retailer looking to capitalize on this formula supply crisis by jacking up prices on this essential good, said Adams.

5月16日，雅培與美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局達(dá)成初步復(fù)產(chǎn)協(xié)議，停產(chǎn)的密歇根州工廠(chǎng)有望在兩周內(nèi)恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)，并在八周內(nèi)將產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸至全美各地。

Abbott reached an agreement with the Food and Drug Administration on May 16 to reopen the plant under conditions subject to enforcement by a federal court. Those conditions include hiring independent experts to ensure that the plant meets U.S. food safety standards.

Abbott said it would take about two weeks to reopen the Michigan facility, subject to FDA approval, and up to eight weeks for products to arrive in stores across the country.

FDA遭質(zhì)疑

據(jù)《今日美國(guó)報(bào)》網(wǎng)站5月25日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局(FDA)局長(zhǎng)羅伯特·卡里夫當(dāng)天承認(rèn)，該局在應(yīng)對(duì)嬰兒配方奶粉短缺問(wèn)題上行動(dòng)“過(guò)于遲緩”。

報(bào)道稱(chēng)，眾院負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督和調(diào)查的能源和商業(yè)小組委員會(huì)主席、代表科羅拉多州的民主黨眾議員戴安娜·德杰特說(shuō)，雅培公司的召回事件使美國(guó)的供應(yīng)短缺“急劇惡化”，但她也把責(zé)任歸咎于FDA，指責(zé)該局反應(yīng)遲緩，與公眾的溝通不暢。

Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Dr. Robert Califf admitted Wednesday that the agency has been "too slow" in responding to the baby formula shortage. 

Califf and other FDA officials were excoriated as they testified before a frustrated panel of lawmakers on the House Energy & Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. 

"Babies and children are suffering," Rep. Diana DeGette, D-Colo., said in her opening remarks as chair of the committee.

The Abbott recall turned the U.S. shortage "into a tailspin," she said, but she also laid blame with the FDA, criticizing the agency for a slow response and slower communication to the public.

綜合來(lái)源：新華社 央視新聞 中國(guó)新聞社 觀(guān)察者網(wǎng) 參考消息 CNN NBC CNBC USA Today